Cohort fertility decline in low fertility countries: Decomposition using parity progression ratios

Zeman, Kryštof; Beaujouan, Éva; Brzozowska, Zuzanna; Sobotka, Tomáš

doi:10.4054/demres.2018.38.25

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The translation of national school levels to ISCED-97 specific to our data is shown in the supplementary material. The data were collected within the EURREP project and are also part of the Cohort Fertility and Education database (CFE database) (Zeman et al 2014). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65

2016

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During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65

2016

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“…Novel research explored changes in parity progression as a component of fertility decline by looking into generational shifts in completed fertility, among 32 countries of Europe, North America, Australia and East Asia (Zeman et al, 2018). Data referring to national censuses carried out in 2011 and big surveys and registers have showed that cohorts born around 1940 had completed fertility rates of 1.9-2.5 children/women in most European countries and Japan, whereas in USA, New Zealand and Australia they had been higher, 2.5-2.7 (Zeman et al, 2018). The decline is however evidenced among succeeding, younger cohorts, born from 1955 onwards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher educated ones, with university degree, were identified as forerunners of second demographic transition and not only have they refrained from higher order births, but also vastly postponed childbearing, because of incompatibility of family with high employment rates, professionalism, career aspirations, salient opportunity costs, etc. (Zeman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition to parenthood: New insights into socio-psychological costs of childbearing

Bobic

2018

STANOVNISHTVO

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The paper deals with socio-psychological costs of (first) childbearing, considering this as important hurdle for transition to higher parities, especially to second and third ones. In addition to the second demographic transition, new paradigms tackle micro aspects of parenthood thus highlighting individual and parental well-being/happiness and experiences around a first baby as preconditions for (next) childbearing along with work-, family-, leisure-, friendly policies. We used both the macro and micro theoretical perspectives in order to explore our research data. We deployed the complementary method: the survey (N=1560) among women in Serbia in 2017 which was the supplementary to previously conducted qualitative one (interviews with 30 couples in Belgrade) in 2013/4. On both occasions we dealt with the topic related to the process of transition from partnership to parenthood. Results have shown high socio-psychological costs of women/mothers and the asymmetry in gender roles at the start of childbearing. This is explained by persisting patriarchal ideology in both private and public sphere, which is even strengthened after the onset of social transition and demise of state socialism (repatriarchalization). Such behavioural pattern is not only incompatible with professional demands when it comes to women's employment, but as such is also demonstrated to be a strong barrier for further childbearing. We propose policy measures that are directed towards stronger inclusion of men/fathers into private sphere (transformation of gender roles) from the very beginning of parenthood and around household, which should be combined with other family policies (work family reconciliation), social policies targeted to the increased employment, quality of life, etc.

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“…Becoming a mother or remaining childless influences various aspects of a woman's life. It affects not only aggregate fertility (Zeman et al 2017) but also income (Budig et al 2012), health (Kendig et al 2007), old-age wellbeing (Huijts et al 2013), and support networks (Albertini and Kohli 2009). Therefore, it is worthwhile to have a deep understanding of the trend of childlessness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remaining childless or postponing first birth?

Mogi¹,

Mundo²

2018

Preprint

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Childlessness has received attention in the past decades, as it may indicate a new lifestyle and has substantial influences on many aspects of the female life course. An increase in the number of childless people has been observed throughout Europe, North America, and Japan. Accompanying this trend, the mean age at first childbirth has increased. However, whether the phenomenon of remaining childless or that of postponing first childbirth is the main contributor has not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study is to quantify those effects using a decomposition method. We employ the classical life table method to measure changes in first childbirth behavior. Life expectancy is normally used in mortality research to represent the average number of years people live. In childlessness (first childbirth) research, life expectancy signifies the expected number of years without children, as the event of focus is first childbirth. Thus, we define the expected years without children as age 15 to age 50 (EYWC) using the Coale-McNeil model. To avoid the problems of truncation and censoring, only completed cohort fertility data of eight selected countries from the Human Fertility Database are examined. EYWC is decomposed into three factors: remaining childless, postponing first childbirth, and expansion of the standard deviation of mean age at first childbirth. Results of the decomposition show that postponement is mainly occurred in

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Cohort fertility decline in low fertility countries: Decomposition using parity progression ratios

Cited by 90 publications

References 65 publications

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65

Transition to parenthood: New insights into socio-psychological costs of childbearing

Remaining childless or postponing first birth?

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