Cohesion and Desquamation of Epidermal Stratum Corneum

Brysk, Miriam M.; Rajaraman, Srinivasan

doi:10.1016/s0079-6336(11)80062-8

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…For many years, cholesterol sulphate has been proposed as being a critical factor in SC cohesion (Elias 1983) but there is a growing evidence that non-polar extracellular lipids may play an anti-cohesive role (Chapman and Walsh 1990;Chapman et al 1991) and that proteins or specific glycoproteins are involved in corneocyte cohesion (Brysk and Rajaman 1988), possibly including the involvement of calcium ions (Bissett et al 1987). Desquamation is a tightly regulated process during which desmosomes undergo a series of changes in their frequency, structure and properties (Chapman et al 1991;Brysk et al 1992). In native skin, the transformation of desmosomes (mid-dense line flanked by two distal light layers) into corneosomes takes place at the SG/SC interface (Chapman and Walsh 1990;Rawlings et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired desquamation in the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis

Vic̀anová

Mommaas

Mulder

et al. 1996

Cell and Tissue Research

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A fully differentiated epidermis generated in vitro by culturing normal human keratinocytes at the air-liquid interface shares many similarities with native tissue. However, in contrast to native epidermis, its stratum corneum consists of a larger number of compactly packed corneocyte layers, indicating that the processes involved in corneocyte desquamation are disturbed. Although the tri-lamellar appearance of desmosomes in viable cell layers of both types of epidermis is similar, abnormalities in the transformation of desmosomes into the corneosomal plug in the stratum corneum of reconstructed epidermis have been observed. In the native epidermis, desmosomes are transformed into corneosomes at the stratum granulosum/stratum corneum interface. This process is retarded in vitro, since desmosomal structures with preserved lamellar appearance are present in the lower parts of the stratum corneum. Moreover, the corneosome frequency in reconstructed epidermis is significantly higher than in native human skin. A comparison of reconstructed epidermis with hyperproliferative epidermis, such as UV-irradiated epidermis, psoriatic epidermis and recently healed burn-wounds treated with cultured epidermal autografts, has revealed that only the structure of the stratum corneum derived from psoriatic skin is similar to that of reconstructed epidermis. The stratum corneum organization in the UV-treated epidermis and in recently healed burn-wound is, however, close to that seen in native skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired desquamation in the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis

Vic̀anová

Mommaas

Mulder

et al. 1996

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…the shedding of superficial corneocytes from the skin surface, are fundamental processes leading to the establishment of an efficient epidermal barrier. In the past, cohesion and desquamation of cells within the upper stratum corneum layers have often been studied allowing us to understand its formation and homeostasis [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Ultra-Structure and Size of Human Corneocytes from Upper Stratum Corneum Layers of Normal and Diabetic Subjects with Discussion of Cohesion Aspects

Licht¹,

Heise²

2015

J Diabetes Metab

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Background: During the final stage of differentiation of cornified squamous epithelia like the human skin epidermis, anucleated corneocytes are formed. Formation of the horny layer and its ongoing desquamation are fundamental processes leading to the formation of an efficient epidermal barrier. Materials and methods:For a better understanding of the desquamation process, the role of corneocyte surface ultra-structure has been investigated using a special preparation technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human morphologically different corneocytes from the stratum corneum of the fingertip, the thenar eminence (thick skin), and the wrist below the carpus (thin skin) of normal and diabetic subjects were obtained by adhesive tape stripping. Results:The inside surface structure of corneocytes from thick skin shows prominent nubs, which are broader and more extended than those of thin skin. Towards their outside, corneocytes were flat with cavities as indentations of the nubs from neighboured cells providing clues on the mechanical strength of the 'intercellular stickiness'. As the size of thin skin corneocytes for diabetic subjects was also studied, it was found that their area was slightly nonlinearly dependent on age.Conclusion: Accordingly to a reduced proliferation and differentiation rate, as postulated for diabetic persons, differences in size were as expected but statistically not significant, compared with corneocytes under normal homeostasis conditions. For discussion is a model, for which the interwoven cellular connectivity provides additional mechanical strength for the stratum corneum in thick skin.

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“…The Zna 2 gp protein (referred to as desquamin until its recent identi®cation with Zna 2 gp) was extracted from the stratum corneum of normal human epidermis [Brysk and Rajaraman, 1992] but could not be detected in cultured cells, whose less advanced differentiation does not extend to completion of the stratum corneum. The incubation of such cells with Zna 2 gp in an optimal medium extended their maturation to the disappearance of nuclei and the formation of large squames [Selvanayagam et al, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-?2-glycoprotein hinders cell proliferation and reducescdc2 expression

Brysk

Tyring

et al. 2001

J. Cell. Biochem.

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Zinc-a 2 -glycoprotein (Zna 2 gp) is widely distributed in body¯uids and epithelia. Its expression in strati®ed epithelia increases with differentiation. We previously showed that Zn a 2 gp has ribonuclease activity, and that squamous tumor cells grown on a matrix of Zna 2 gp were growth-inhibited. Here we demonstrate, both by adding Zna 2 gp to the culture medium and, more unequivocally, by stably transfecting SiHa cells with Zna 2 gp cDNA, that the introduction of Zna 2 gp into SiHa tumor cells reduces proliferation. In response to Zna 2 gp, we ®nd an accumulation of the cell population in G 2 /M by¯ow cytometry, paralleling the reduction of proliferation. In order to distinguish growth inhibition by cell cycle arrest from that produced by apoptosis or differentiation, we examine by RT-PCR how Zna 2 gp affects the expression of genes commonly used as markers of these properties. No changes are observed for PCNA, p53, c-myc, or bcl-2. Only cdc2 expression responds to Zna 2 gp, with a reduction of up to over a factor of two. Cdc2 is the only cyclin-dependent kinase regulating the G 2 /M transition without redundancy and is required as a rate-limiting step in the cell cycle. Its increased expression has been directly linked to increased proliferation and decreased differentiation of advanced tumors; conversely, its downregulation by Zna 2 gp might hinder tumor progression.

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Cohesion and Desquamation of Epidermal Stratum Corneum

Cited by 22 publications

References 148 publications

Impaired desquamation in the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis

Impaired desquamation in the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis

Surface Ultra-Structure and Size of Human Corneocytes from Upper Stratum Corneum Layers of Normal and Diabetic Subjects with Discussion of Cohesion Aspects

Zinc-?2-glycoprotein hinders cell proliferation and reducescdc2 expression

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