Coherent Polariton Dynamics in Coupled Highly Dissipative Cavities

Abstract

Coherent light-matter interaction at the single photon and electronic qubit level promises the remarkable potential for nonclassical information processing. Against the efforts of improving the figure of merit of the cavities, here we demonstrate strong anharmonicity in the polariton dressed states via dark state resonances in a highly dissipative cavity. It is shown that vacuum Rabi oscillation occurs for a single quantum emitter inside a cavity even with bosonic decay-to-interaction rate ratio exceeding 10 2 , when the photon field is coupled to an auxiliary high-Q cavity. Moreover, photon blockade is observable in such a highly-dissipative cavity quantum electrodynamics system. This study provides a promising platform for overcoming decoherence and advancing the coherent manipulation of polariton qubits. PACS numbers: 42.50.Pq, 42.50.Ct Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) (for a review, see [1]) provides a critical resource for quantum information processing [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . For coherent manipulation, a key prerequisite is to reach the strong coupling regime, where the emitter-field coupling strength exceeds the decay rates of the emitter and the cavity field. In the past two decades great efforts have been made to improve the quality (Q) factor and reduce the mode volume (V ) of the resonators for stronger interactions, using Fabry-Pérot cavities [13,14], Bragg cavities [15-17], whispering-gallery mode cavities [18-23] , photonic crystal cavities [24-30], hybrid plasmonic-photonic cavities [31] and transmission-line microwave cavities [32], along with theoretical studies of coupled-cavity QED through a waveguide [33][34][35][36]. However, it remains difficult to achieve high Q and small V simultaneously for the sametype resonator. Fundamentally, this is related to the diffraction limit. A smaller V corresponds to a larger radiative decay rate and more significant roughness scattering, leading to a lower Q. Different-type resonators possess their own unique properties, but the trade-off between high Q and small V still exists. For example, whispering-gallery mode cavities possess ultrahigh Q factors, while the mode volumes are relatively large; for photonic crystal cavities, sub-wavelength light confinement can be realized whereas the Q factors are relatively low.Unlike the efforts to improve the Q/ √ V figure of merit of the cavities, here we propose to reach the strong coupling regime via dark state resonances, which removes the requirement for high Q and small V for the same cavity. By coupling the originally weak-coupled cavity QED system with high cavity dissipation to an auxiliary cavity mode with high-Q but large V , a strong dark state interaction takes place. We demonstrate that vacuum Rabi oscillations and anharmonicity in the polariton dressed states occur even when the cavity decay rate is FIG. 1. (color online) (a) Schematic of the cavity QED system coupled to an auxiliary cavity. (b) Energy level diagram of the coupled system. The lowest four energy levels are plotted, i...

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