Coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry for interrogation of bend-based fiber optic hydrocarbon sensors

López, Rosa María Tejero; Spirin, V. V.; Shlyagin, Mikhail G.; Miridonov, Serguei V.; Beltrán, G.; Kuzin, E. A.; Lucero, Alfredo Márquez

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2003.09.003

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, when the reflectivity of the sensing FBGs is low and the multiplexed number is not very large, the SNR is proved still to be comparatively high [13]. In addition, when scanning the OLCR, the mechanical vibration of the mirrors inside the TODL will make the insert loss of the TODL changed, which will cause the light signal unstable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical low-coherence reflectometry for a distributed sensor array of fiber Bragg gratings

Liu

Guan

Liu

et al. 2008

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical low-coherence reflectometry for a distributed sensor array of fiber Bragg gratings

Liu

Guan

Liu

et al. 2008

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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“…At present, there are few applications of quasi-distributed optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) used in the detection of natural gas pipeline leaks [21][22][23][24][25]. Lopez et al developed an FBG sensor based on an expandable polymer that can expand when it encounters oil and thus produces strain [26]. However, because the main component of natural gas is methane which has stable chemical properties that hinder the expansion of a polymer, this sensor is not suitable for the detection of natural gas pipeline leaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An FBG Strain Sensor-Based NPW Method for Natural Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection

Hou

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Natural gas pipeline leaks can lead to serious and dangerous accidents that can cause great losses of life and property. Therefore, detecting natural gas pipeline leaks has always been an important subject. The negative pressure wave (NPW) method is currently the most widely used leakage detection method. Generally, this method uses pressure sensors to detect NPW signals to assess the leak and determine the location of the leakage point. However, the installation of a pressure sensor requires penetrating the pipeline structure, so the sensor intervals are often distant, leading to large signal attenuations and the ineffective detection of small leaks. An NPW method based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors is proposed in this paper which detects NPWs by monitoring the annular strain of the pipeline. Moreover, due to the advantages of nondestructive installation FBG strain sensors can be arranged closer along the distance of the pipeline, the attenuation of the NPW is small and the detection of leaks is improved. This method is tested through experiments and compared with a pressure sensor-based method; the experimental results verify that the proposed method is more effective in detecting natural gas pipeline leaks.

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“…Distributed fiber optic sensors are widely used for variety of applications such as structural health monitoring, perimeter and pipeline security, temperature, pressure, strain, and vibration measurements due to its lightweight, ease of installation, and immunity to electromagnetic fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. One of the modern forward-looking fiber optic techniques, the so-called phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (w-OTDR), enables detection of acoustical perturbations along sensing optical fibers of several kilometers length [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Laser for Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry

Spirin¹,

López-Mercado²,

Mégret³

et al. 2018

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technologies and Applications

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We have designed a new fiber laser configuration with an injection-locked DFB laser applicable for phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry. A low-loss fiber optical ring resonator (FORR) is used as a high finesse filter for the self-injection locking of the DFB (IL-DFB) laser. By varying the FORR fidelity, we have compared the DFB laser locking with FORR operating in the under-coupled, critically coupled, and over-coupled regimes. The critical coupling provides better frequency locking and superior narrowing of the laser linewidth. We have demonstrated that the locked DFB laser generates a single-frequency radiation with a linewidth less than 2.5 kHz if the FORR operates in the critically coupled regime. We have employed new IL-DFB laser configuration operating in the critical coupling regime for detection and localization of the perturbations in phase-sensitive OTDR system. The locked DFB laser with a narrow linewidth provides reliable long-distance monitoring of the perturbations measured through the moving differential processing algorithm. The IL-DFB laser delivers accurate localization of the vibrations with a frequency as low as~50 Hz at a distance of 9270 m providing the same signal-to-noise ratio that is achievable with an expensive ultra-narrow linewidth OEwaves laser (OE4020-155000-PA-00).

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Coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry for interrogation of bend-based fiber optic hydrocarbon sensors

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Optical low-coherence reflectometry for a distributed sensor array of fiber Bragg gratings

Optical low-coherence reflectometry for a distributed sensor array of fiber Bragg gratings

An FBG Strain Sensor-Based NPW Method for Natural Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection

Fiber Laser for Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry

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