Coherent-light-boosted, sub-shot noise, quantum interferometry

Plick, William N.; Dowling, Jonathan P.; Agarwal, G. S.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/8/083014

Cited by 163 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…They are widely used in precision measurement of a variety of physical quantities. Building on this foundation, nonconventional interferometers can be constructed with nonlinear processes such as wave splitting and recombination elements [5][6][7][8][9][10], as shown in the inset of Fig. 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atom-Light Hybrid Interferometer

et al. 2015

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A new type of hybrid atom-light interferometer is demonstrated with atomic Raman amplification processes replacing the beam splitting elements in a traditional interferometer. This nonconventional interferometer involves correlated optical and atomic waves in the two arms. The correlation between atoms and light developed with the Raman process makes this interferometer different from conventional interferometers with linear beam splitters. It is observed that the high-contrast interference fringes are sensitive to the optical phase via a path change as well as the atomic phase via a magnetic field change. This new atom-light correlated hybrid interferometer is a sensitive probe of the atomic internal state and should find wide applications in precision measurement and quantum control with atoms and photons. [4]. They are widely used in precision measurement of a variety of physical quantities. Building on this foundation, nonconventional interferometers can be constructed with nonlinear processes such as wave splitting and recombination elements [5][6][7][8][9][10], as shown in the inset of Fig. 1.Different from the conventional interferometers with beam splitters, the involvement of nonlinear processes in the nonconventional interferometers allows the coupling between two waves of different types, and it can lead to interference fringes that are sensitive to different types of phase shifts. We thus use the word "hybrid" to label these interferometers involving different types of waves. In fact, hybrid interference also occurs via coherent interactions between atoms and light in phenomena such as quantum storage in electromagnetically induced transparency [11][12][13], gradient echo memory [14,15], and slow light [16][17][18][19][20]. However, the hybrid interference effects in these phenomena are in essence still of the same type as the conventional interference effect where the input wave is linearly split into a linear superposition of atom and light fields in the form of a polariton state [11,15]. On the other hand, a nonconventional SU(1,1) interferometer [5,9,10,21] utilizes parametric amplifiers as wave splitting and recombination elements and performs quite differently from the conventional linear interferometers. The name SU(1,1) comes from the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian for the parametric process [5]:which amplifies an input signal field (â s ) and produces a correlated idler field (â i ) simultaneously. The idler field is coherent with the input field, thus realizing coherent wave splitting.One of the nonlinear processes described by Eq. (1) is the collective atomic Raman amplification process, which FIG. 1 (color online). Experimental sketch for the hybrid atomlight interferometer. A strong Raman write beam (W 1 , red) and a Stokes input field (S 0 , blue) in orthogonal polarization interact with a Λ-shaped atomic system to generate an amplified Stokes field (S 1 ) and a correlated atomic spin wave S a that stays in the atomic system. The amplified Stokes beam (S 1 ), after reflection (S 0 1...

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Atom-Light Hybrid Interferometer

et al. 2015

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“…Experimentally, under the same phasesensing intensity condition, the improvement of 4.1 dB in signal-to-noise ratio of this interferometer over a traditional linear interferometer was observed [24]. Due to the improved phase-measurement sensitivity of this interferometer, it was suggested for gravitational wave detection, but it needs strong coherent light input [21]. The very strong coherent light will generate the higher-order nonlinear effect and the radiation pressure noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Recently, an improved theoretical scheme was presented by Plick et al [21], who proposed to inject a strong coherent beam to "boost" the photon number. Experimental realization of this SU(1,1) interferometer was reported recently [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SU(1,1)-type light-atom-correlated interferometer

Yuan

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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The quantum correlation of light and atomic collective excitation can be used to compose an SU(1,1)-type hybrid light-atom interferometer, where one arm in the optical SU(1,1) interferometer is replaced by the atomic collective excitation. The phase-sensing probes include not only the photon field but also the atomic collective excitation inside the interferometer. For a coherent squeezed state as the phase-sensing field, the phase sensitivity can approach the Heisenberg limit under the optimal conditions. We also study the effects of the loss of light field and the dephasing of atomic excitation on the phase sensitivity. This kind of active SU(1,1) interferometer can also be realized in other systems, such as circuit quantum electrodynamics in microwave systems, which provides a different method for basic measurement using the hybrid interferometers.

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“…the Heisenberg limit, can be achieved in sensitivities of phase measurements [21]. There were numerous theoretical analyses on such a system, including the recent Plick et al analysis suggesting a further boost from a coherent state injection [22]. However, since its inception, there has been no experimental realization perhaps because the output field in the original proposal by Yurke et al is very weak to detect at experimentally-controllable gain.…”

Section: Nonlinear Mach-zehnder Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing bandwidth controllable twin beam light and phase sensitive nonlinear interferometer based on atomic ensembles

et al. 2012

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We review our recent experimental progress in quantum technology employing amplification effect of four-wave mixing in a rubidium vapor. We have produced an intensity difference squeezed light source at frequencies as low as 1.5 kHz which is so far the lowest frequency at which squeezing has been observed in an atomic system. Moreover, we find that the bandwidth of our squeezed light source can be controlled with light intensity pumping. Using our non-classical light source, we have further developed a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer, for which the maximum fringe intensity depends quadratically on the intensity of the phase-sensing field at the high-gain regime, leading to much better sensitivity than a linear MZ interferometer in which the beam splitters have the same phase-sensing intensity. The quantum technologies developed by our group could have great potential in areas such as precision measurement and quantum information. Bull, 2012Bull, , 57: 19251930, doi: 10.1007 Photons are natural fast carriers of quantum information. For this reason, much attention [1,2], particularly over the last two decades, has been drawn towards applications of quantum optical systems to quantum information processing, such as quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. The research necessitates high-quality quantum light sources that generate squeezed light with large noise suppression below the shot noise level (SNL) and entangled states. In 1985, Slusher et al. pioneered squeezed light generation based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in an optical cavity [3]. Since then, several methods have been explored to obtain squeezed states; a fundamental and frequently-used technique is the optical parametric oscillator consisting of nonlinear crystals and cavities to build up non-classical states very efficiently [4][5][6][7]. Using such methods, very strong single mode squeezing has been realized in the past few years. For example, vacuum squeezing levels of 10 dB were achieved in 2008 [8] and Mehmet et al. obtained up to 11.5 dB squeezing last year [9]. By contrast, without any optical cavity and mode cleaner, FWM has gradually become another popular method because of its simple experimental setup. Since the initial work of Lett's group in 2007 [10], as much as 9.2 dB squeezing has been reported in hot rubidium vapor [11]. Based on FWM, a pair of multi-spatialmode beams was produced, carrying two images which are in non-separable continuous-variable entangled states. The images were composed of "squeezed vacuum" twin beams

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Coherent-light-boosted, sub-shot noise, quantum interferometry

Cited by 163 publications

References 42 publications

Atom-Light Hybrid Interferometer

Atom-Light Hybrid Interferometer

SU(1,1)-type light-atom-correlated interferometer

Squeezing bandwidth controllable twin beam light and phase sensitive nonlinear interferometer based on atomic ensembles

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