Coherent Control of Femtosecond Energy Localization in Nanosystems

Stockman, Mark I.; Faleev, Sergey V.; Bergman, David J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.067402

Cited by 320 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We first note that the characteristics of electromagnetic ͑EM͒ states of two-dimensional ͑2D͒ arrays of MNPs have already received some attentions in the literature. 11,12,[17][18][19][20] In previous studies on the wave transport in electronic and photonic systems, the spatial localization of eigenmodes have been the main focus of theoretical analysis. [21][22][23] The electronic system has true eigenmodes that are derived from bound states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization characteristics of two-dimensional quasicrystals consisting of metal nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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Using the eigendecomposition method, we investigated the plasmonic modes in a two-dimensional quasicrystalline array of metal nanoparticles. Various properties of the plasmonic modes, such as their symmetry, radiation loss and spatial localization are studied. Some collective plasmonic modes are found to be leaky with out-of-plane radiation loss, but some modes can have very high fidelity. To facilitate the analysis on the complex behavior of the collective plasmonic modes, we considered a trajectory map in a three dimension parameter space defined by the frequency of the mode, the eigenvalue that is related to the inverse lifetime of the mode, and the participation ratio of the mode that gives the spatial distribution,. With the help of the trajectory map method, we found that there are modes that are localized in some special ways and the plasmonic mode with highest spatial localization and highly fidelity is found to be a type of antiphase ring mode. In general, different localized modes have very different radial decay behaviors. There is no special relationship between the fidelity of the modes and their spatial localization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization characteristics of two-dimensional quasicrystals consisting of metal nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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“…Our results are the first demonstration that similar resolution improvements can be obtained in photonics. Calculations [19,20] indicate that useful optical superresolution will be achieved using disordered plasmonic nanostructures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploiting disorder for perfect focusing

2010

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We demonstrate experimentally that disordered scattering can be used to improve, rather than deteriorate, the focusing resolution of a lens. By using wavefront shaping to compensate for scattering, light was focused to a spot as small as one tenth of the diffraction limit of the lens. We show both experimentally and theoretically that it is the scattering medium, rather than the lens, that determines the width of the focus. Despite the disordered propagation of the light, the profile of the focus was always exactly equal to the theoretical best focus that we derived.Optical microscopy and manipulation methods rely on the ability to focus light to a small volume. However, in inhomogeneous media, such as biological tissue, light is scattered out of the focusing beam. Disordered scattering is thought to fundamentally limit the resolution and penetration depth of optical methods [1,2,3]. Here we demonstrate in an optical experiment that this very scattering can be exploited to improve, rather than deteriorate, the sharpness of the focus. Surprisingly, the resulting focus is even sharper than in a transparent medium. By using scattering in the medium behind a lens, light was focused to a spot as small as one tenth of the diffraction limit of that lens. Our results, obtained using spatial wavefront shaping, are valid for all methods for focusing coherent light through scattering matter, including phase conjugation [4] and time-reversal [5]. We anticipate that disorder-assisted focusing will improve the imaging resolution of microscopy in inhomogeneous media. The starting situation of the experiment is shown in Fig. 1a: a lens focuses a beam of light onto a CCD camera. In this 'clean' system without disorder, the sharpness of the focus is limited by the numerical aperture and the quality of the lens. We now disturb the light propagation by placing a non-transparent scattering object in the beam path. Although initially the focus disappears, the focus can be restored by shaping the wavefront of the incident light using a spatial light modulator[6] (see Fig. 1b). Here we report and analyze a surprising property of the restored focus: the experimentally obtained focal spot is smaller than the diffraction limit of the clean system. We show both experimentally and theoretically that it is the scattering medium, rather than the lens or the quality of the reconstruction process, that determines the width of the focus. In Fig. 2a we show the measured intensity distribution in the focal plane of the clean system. Ideally, the lens would focus light to an Airy disk with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of w = 1.03λf 1 /D 1 . In our experiment, λ = 632.8 nm, f 1 = 200 mm, and D 1 = 2.1 mm, FIG. 1: Schematic of the experiment. Light coming from a phase modulator is imaged on the centre plane of a lens, L1 (modulator and imaging telescope not shown). The numerical aperture of the lens is controlled by a pinhole. A CCD camera is positioned in the focal plane of the lens. (a), 'Clean' system without disorder. Light is focused to a...

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“…Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy for example has provided a tool for spatial mapping of the plasmon modes with unprecedent resolution, 11 but it only provides information on the amplitude of the modes. However, in nanophotonics it is often the local near-field phase that is of extreme importance, as for example in coherent control applications, 12 in nanoantenna-assisted molecular emission 13 and spectroscopy, 14 and in plasmon dynamics of complex metallic systems. 15 A promising method to access both local amplitude and phase relies on near-field optical methods that have progressively succeeded in imaging nanoscale field patterns in metallic particles ͑optical nanoantennas͒.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the tip in near-field imaging of nanoparticle plasmonic modes: Weak and strong coupling regimes

García‐Etxarri

Romero

Abajo³

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. B

115

103

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We identify weak and strong coupling regimes between a near-field probing tip and a plasmonic sample by imaging plasmon-resonant gold nanodisks with scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy ͑s-SNOM͒. By means of rigorous electrodynamical calculations based on a model system, we find that in the weak coupling regime, s-SNOM can be applied for direct mapping of plasmonic nanoantenna modes, while in the strong coupling regime, the near-field probe allows for high-precision opto-mechanical control of the antenna response. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125439 PACS number͑s͒: 73.20.Mf, 78.67.Ϫn Surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles have become a powerful driving force in the scientific and technological development of nanooptics. [1][2][3] The ability of plasmons to act as the interface between far-field radiation and nanoscale confined near fields has generated promising prospects in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, 4 optical nanoimaging, 5 electromagnetic signal guiding, 6,7 and biosensing applications, 8,9 among others. The potential of surface plasmons to decay radiatively, as well as nonradiatively, depending on the particular conformation and environment around them is the basis for most of these applications. In spite of the general and straightforward techniques available to obtain information on the far-field radiation by a surface plasmon such as in dark-field optical spectroscopy, 10 the amplitude and phase of its near field is still more than a challenge to access. Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy for example has provided a tool for spatial mapping of the plasmon modes with unprecedent resolution, 11 but it only provides information on the amplitude of the modes. However, in nanophotonics it is often the local near-field phase that is of extreme importance, as for example in coherent control applications, 12 in nanoantenna-assisted molecular emission 13 and spectroscopy, 14 and in plasmon dynamics of complex metallic systems. 15 A promising method to access both local amplitude and phase relies on near-field optical methods that have progressively succeeded in imaging nanoscale field patterns in metallic particles ͑optical nanoantennas͒. [16][17][18] In particular, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy ͑s-SNOM͒ ͑Ref. 19͒ has managed to map both the local amplitude and phase of the plasmon modes by interferometric detection of the antenna fields scattered by a scanning atomic force microscope tip. [20][21][22][23][24] However, the antenna optical response is extremely sensitive to environmental changes, 5,8,9 thus the process of measurement of its near field may result in the modification of the antenna modes, similar to probe-induced modifications in other nanophotonic systems. [25][26][27][28] In this work we address this issue, presenting a basic understanding of the near-field coupling between s-SNOM probes and plasmonic nanoantennas ͑here gold nanodisks͒. We find that weak dielectric probes allow for plasmon mode mapping, whereas metallic probes introduce substantial m...

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Coherent Control of Femtosecond Energy Localization in Nanosystems

Cited by 320 publications

References 21 publications

Localization characteristics of two-dimensional quasicrystals consisting of metal nanoparticles

Localization characteristics of two-dimensional quasicrystals consisting of metal nanoparticles

Exploiting disorder for perfect focusing

Influence of the tip in near-field imaging of nanoparticle plasmonic modes: Weak and strong coupling regimes

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