Coherence of an Optically Illuminated Single Nuclear Spin Qubit

Jiang, Liang; Dutt, Meenakshi; Togan, Emre; Childress, Lilian; Cappellaro, Paola; Taylor, Jacob M.; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.073001

Cited by 61 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More specifically, the demonstrated suppression of electronic Rabi oscillations (Fig. 4b) allows for preparation, detection and coherent manipulation of one nuclear spin (associated with the NV centre in the zero of the green doughnut-shaped beam) without affecting qubits encoded in the nuclear spins of surrounding centres 30,31 (see the Methods section and Supplementary Information). Likewise, intriguing applications in bioscience can be foreseen for spin-RESOLFT, which combines high-sensitivity magnetometry with subdiffraction imaging resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution

et al. 2010

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A fundamental limit to existing optical techniques for measurement and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom is set by diffraction, which does not allow spins separated by less than about a quarter of a micrometre to be resolved using conventional far-field optics. Here, we report an efficient far-field optical technique that overcomes the limiting role of diffraction, allowing individual electronic spins to be detected, imaged and manipulated coherently with nanoscale resolution. The technique involves selective flipping of the orientation of individual spins, associated with nitrogen-vacancy centres in room-temperature diamond, using a focused beam of light with intensity vanishing at a controllable location, which enables simultaneous single-spin imaging and magnetometry at the nanoscale with considerably less power than conventional techniques. Furthermore, by inhibiting spin transitions away from the laser intensity null, selective coherent rotation of individual spins is realized. This technique can be extended to subnanometre dimensions, thus enabling applications in diverse areas ranging from quantum information science to bioimaging.O ptical techniques constitute powerful tools for spin detection and manipulation that enable applications ranging from atomic clocks 1,2 and magnetometers 3 to quantum information processors [4][5][6][7] and new sensors and imaging modalities for the biological and life sciences [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Several promising methods for fluorescence imaging have recently been developed to surpass the diffraction limit and are already being applied to important problems in biology and neuroscience [14][15][16] as well as subwavelength optical lithography [17][18][19] . For example, subdiffraction imaging of fluorophores can be obtained by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and related methods based on reversible saturable optical linear fluorescence transitions 20-23 (RESOLFT). Using optical fields with intensity zeros and steep spatial gradients, such as those provided by doughnut-shaped beams, one can transiently switch the fluorophores to a different state everywhere except for a small region near the vanishing optical intensity. In this case the emitters from that small region can be separated from neighbours closer than the diffraction limit. As the emitters are switched to the designated (on or off) state provided the optical stimulation rate exceeds that of the spontaneous decay rate of that state, the ultimate resolution is, in principle, limited only by the applicable optical power 23 . The concept of subdiffraction spin detection and controlOur new approach to subdiffraction spin detection and manipulation is outlined in Fig. 1. We consider an electronic spin system, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, which can be polarized by optical pumping, coherently manipulated with resonant microwave radiation and read-out with spin-state-dependent fluorescence. Improved spatial resolution is achieved by illuminating the sample with a doughnut-sha...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution

et al. 2010

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“…Instead, a new peak emerges at the average frequency o 0 with a width smaller than the energy separation DE/h, denoted as motional averaging and narrowing 1,2 , respectively. In atomic ensembles and condensed-matter systems, this occurs via fast variations of the electronic state populations, chemical potential, molecular conformation, effective magnetic fields, lattice vibrations, microelectric fields producing ac-Stark shifts and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Closely related phenomena are the Dyakonov-Perel effect 7 , the Dicke line narrowing of Doppler spectra 8 , and the quantum Zeno effect 9 .…”

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Motional averaging in a superconducting qubit

et al. 2013

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Superconducting circuits with Josephson junctions are promising candidates for developing future quantum technologies. Of particular interest is to use these circuits to study effects that typically occur in complex condensed-matter systems. Here we employ a superconducting quantum bit-a transmon-to perform an analogue simulation of motional averaging, a phenomenon initially observed in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By modulating the flux bias of a transmon with controllable pseudo-random telegraph noise we create a stochastic jump of its energy level separation between two discrete values. When the jumping is faster than a dynamical threshold set by the frequency displacement of the levels, the initially separate spectral lines merge into a single, narrow, motional-averaged line. With sinusoidal modulation a complex pattern of additional sidebands is observed. We show that the modulated system remains quantum coherent, with modified transition frequencies, Rabi couplings, and dephasing rates. These results represent the first steps towards more advanced quantum simulations using artificial atoms.

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“…2C,D). We prepare the source state after establishing remote entanglement, thus avoiding possible dephasing of the source state by repeated optical excitation of the nearby electron [23,24] during entanglement generation. We employ a decoherence-protected gate [25] on Alice's side to set the nuclear spin to the source state |ψ = α|0 + β|1 .…”

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Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits

Pfaff

Hensen

Bernien

et al. 2014

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Realizing robust quantum information transfer between long-lived qubit registers is a key challenge for quantum information science and technology. Here we demonstrate unconditional teleportation of arbitrary quantum states between diamond spin qubits separated by 3 meters. We prepare the teleporter through photon-mediated heralded entanglement between two distant electron spins and subsequently encode the source qubit in a single nuclear spin. By realizing a fully deterministic Bell-state measurement combined with real-time feed-forward we achieve teleportation in each attempt while obtaining an average state fidelity exceeding the classical limit. These results establish diamond spin qubits as a prime candidate for the realization of quantum networks for quantum communication and network-based quantum computing.The reliable transmission of quantum states between remote locations is a major open challenge in quantum science today. Quantum state transfer between nodes containing long-lived qubits [1][2][3] can extend quantum key distribution to long distances [4], enable blind quantum computing in the cloud [5] and serve as a critical primitive for a future quantum network [6]. When provided with a single copy of an unknown quantum state, directly sending the state in a carrier such as a photon is unreliable due to inevitable losses. Creating and sending several copies of the state to counteract such transmission losses is impossible by the no-cloning theorem [7]. Nevertheless, quantum information can be faithfully transmitted over arbitrary distances through quantum teleportation provided the network parties (named "Alice" and "Bob") have previously established a shared entangled state and can communicate classically [8][9][10][11].The teleportation protocol is sketched in Fig. 1A. At the start, Alice is in possession of the state to be teleported (qubit 1) which is most generally given by |ψ = α|0 + β|1 . Alice and Bob each have one qubit of an entangled pair (qubits 2 and 3) in the joint state |ΨThe combined state of all three qubits can be rewritten aswhere |Φ ± = (|00 ± |11 )/ √ 2 and |Ψ ± = (|01 ± |10 )/ √ 2 are the four Bell states. To teleport the quantum state Alice performs a joint measurement on her * Present address: Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA † r.hanson@tudelft.nl qubits (qubits 1 and 2) in the Bell basis, projecting Bob's qubit into a state that is equal to |ψ up to a unitary operation that depends on the outcome of Alice's measurement. Alice sends the outcome via a classical communication channel to Bob, who can then recover the original state by applying the corresponding local transformation.Because the source qubit state always disappears on Alice's side, it is irrevocably lost whenever the protocol fails. Therefore, to ensure that each qubit state inserted into the teleporter unconditionally re-appears on Bob's side, Alice must be able to distinguish between all four Bell states in a single shot and Bob has to preserve the coherence of the target q...

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Coherence of an Optically Illuminated Single Nuclear Spin Qubit

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution

Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution

Motional averaging in a superconducting qubit

Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits

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