Cognitively Stimulating Activities: Effects on Cognition across Four Studies with up to 21 Years of Longitudinal Data

Mitchell, Meghan B.; Cimino, Cynthia R; Benitez, Andreana; Brown, Cassandra L.; Gibbons, Laura E.; Kennison, Robert F.; Shirk, Steven D.; Atri, Alireza; Robitaille, Annie; MacDonald, Stuart W. S.; Lindwall, Magnus; Zelinski, Elizabeth M.; Willis, Sherry L.; Schaie, K. Warner; Johansson, Boo; Dixon, Roger A.; Mungas, Dan M; Hofer, Scott M.; Piccinin, Andrea M.

doi:10.1155/2012/461592

Cited by 76 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To our knowledge this finding has not been reported elsewhere, but associations between correlated change in physically and cognitively demanding recreational activity and cognition have been documented previously (e.g. Lindwall, et al, 2012; Mitchell, et al, 2012). Replication of our finding in an independent sample is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…However, not all studies have found protective effects of recreational activity on longitudinal cognitive change (e.g. Mitchell, et al, 2012). Evidence of correlated change in leisure activity and cognition suggests that associations between recreational activity and cognition may be best characterized longitudinally (Lindwall, et al, 2012; Mitchell, et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults.

Brewster¹,

Melrose²,

Marquine³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychology

100

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Objective We examined the influence of a broad spectrum of life experiences on longitudinal cognitive trajectories in a demographically diverse sample of older adults. Method Participants were 333 educationally, ethnically, and cognitively diverse older adults enrolled in a longitudinal aging study. Mixed-effects regression was used to measure baseline status in episodic memory, executive functioning, and semantic memory and change in a global cognition factor defined by change in these three domain-specific measures. We examined effects of life experience variables (literacy, childhood socioeconomic status, morphometric measures of physical development, life course physical and recreational activity) on longitudinal cognitive trajectories, covarying for age, APOE genotype and demographics (education, ethnicity, language). Results Non-Latino whites had higher baseline cognition, but life experience variables attenuated ethnic differences in cognitive scores. Age, literacy, childhood socioeconomic status and physical activity significantly influenced baseline cognition. Age, APOE ε4 and decline in intellectually and socially stimulating recreational activity from mid to late life were independently associated with increased late life cognitive decline. Higher literacy and late life recreational activity were associated with less decline. Literacy had similar effects for English and Spanish readers/speakers. Bilingual English and Spanish speakers did not differ from English Speakers in cognitive performance. Conclusions Life experience variables, especially literacy level, were strongly related to baseline cognition and substantially attenuated effects of race/ethnicity and education. Cognitive change was best explained by age, APOE ε4, literacy, and current recreational activities. Literacy had robust associations with baseline cognition and cognitive change in both English and Spanish speakers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults.

Brewster¹,

Melrose²,

Marquine³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More negative cognitive change at older ages has been reported in many studies (e.g., Lamar et al, 2003; Mitchell et al, 2012; Parisi et al, 2011; Ronnlund & Nilsson, 2006; van Dijk et al, 2008). A few studies have reported differential change in males and females (e.g., Parisi et al, 2011), but there are also numerous reports of no sex differences in change (e.g., Finkel et al, 2003; Lamar et al, 2003; Lovden et al, 2004), or mixed patterns in different cognitive variables (e.g., Mitchell et al, 2012; van Dijk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Potential Correlates Of Changementioning

confidence: 65%

Correlates of cognitive change.

Salthouse

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Although there has been considerable interest in identifying potential correlates of cognitive change, results of past studies have been inconsistent. The present study incorporated a number of methodological features intended to maximize sensitivity to detect characteristics of individuals with different amounts of cognitive change. Cognitive change in five cognitive abilities was analyzed with second-order latent growth curve models applied to data from a moderately large sample of healthy adults ranging from 18 to 99 years of age (N’s of 4,802 with one occasion, 2,265 with two occasions, and 1,128 with three occasions). There was significant individual difference variance in the longitudinal changes in several cognitive abilities, even in separate analyses of individuals between 18 and 39, 40 and 64, and over 65 years of age. Potential correlates of change included measures of self-rated health, vision, mood, personality, and lifestyle. Most of the potential correlates of change had high reliability, and several analyses were based on even more reliable factors determined by the variance common to multiple measures. Despite favorable conditions for detecting correlates of change, there was little evidence that cognitive change was moderated by any of the variables examined. Possible reasons for the inconsistent results regarding correlates of cognitive change are discussed.

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“…8,9 Although findings on the effects of a healthy lifestyle on later life outcomes are generally encouraging, the type and amount of activity needed to confer such benefits remains poorly understood. In addition, there is great variation in activity patterns across individuals, with some individuals focusing all of their time and efforts on a few select activities and others allocating their time across many different contexts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in Lifestyle Activities as a Result of Experience Corps® Participation

et al. 2014

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Experience Corps® (EC) was designed to simultaneously increase cognitive, social, and physical activity through high-intensity volunteerism in elementary school classrooms. It is, therefore, highly likely that EC participation may alter pre-existing patterns of lifestyle activity. This study examined the impact of "real-world" volunteer engagement on the frequency of participation in various lifestyle activities over a 2-year period. Specifically, we examined intervention-related changes on reported activity levels at 12 and 24 months post-baseline using Intention-to-Treat (ITT) and Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) analyses, which account for the amount of program exposure. ITT analyses indicated that, compared to the control group, EC participants reported modest increases (approximately half a day/month) in overall activity level, especially in intellectual and physical activities 12 months post-baseline. Increases in activity were not found at the 24-month assessment. CACE models revealed similar findings for overall activity as well as for intellectual and physical activities at 12 months. Additionally, CACE findings suggested modest increases in social activity at 12 months and in intellectual and passive activities at 24 months post-baseline. This community-based, health promotion intervention has the potential to impact lifestyle activity, which may lead to long-term increases in activity and to other positive cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health outcomes.

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Cognitively Stimulating Activities: Effects on Cognition across Four Studies with up to 21 Years of Longitudinal Data

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults.

Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults.

Correlates of cognitive change.

Increases in Lifestyle Activities as a Result of Experience Corps® Participation

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