Cognitively Inspired and Perceptually Salient Graphic Displays for Efficient Spatial Inference Making

Fabrikant, Sara Irina; Hespanha, Stacy Rebich; Hegarty, Mary

doi:10.1080/00045600903362378

Cited by 123 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Its basic principles are to: (1) design task-relevant objects that are perceptually salient; (2) make less relevant objects less attractive; and (3) omit irrelevant objects [35]. Based on a controlled eye-tracking experiment, Fabrikant et al [36] further demonstrated that perceptually salient designs can contribute to efficient spatial inference making for novice users when interpreting weather maps. We applied these principles to our 3D map design.…”

Section: Designing the 3d Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that these models depend solely on bottom-up features and do not consider top-down factors such as user tasks and previous knowledge [43]. Such computational visual attention models are used to evaluate the visual saliency of map designs and have been commonly used in cartography studies [35,36,44,45]. We adopted the widely used Itti model developed by Itti et al [46] to compute saliency maps.…”

Section: Pre-test Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Liao

Dong

2017

IJGI

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3D representations in applications that provide self-localization and orientation in wayfinding have become increasingly popular in recent years because of technical advances in the field. However, human factors have been largely ignored while designing 3D representations in support of pedestrian navigation. This exploratory study aims to explore gender effects on using 3D maps for spatial orientation. We designed a 3D map that combines salient 3D landmarks and 2D layouts, and evaluated gender differences in their performance during direction-pointing tasks by administrating an eye tracking experiment. The results indicate there was no significant overall gender difference on performance and visual attention. However, we observed that males using the 3D map paid more attention to landmarks in the environment and performed better than when using the conventional 2D map, whereas female performance did not show any significant difference between the two types of map usage. We also observed contrary gender differences in visual attention on landmarks between the 3D and 2D maps. While males fixated longer on landmarks than females when using the 3D map, females paid more visual attention to landmarks than males when using the 2D map. In addition, verbal protocols showed that males had more confidence while make decisions. These empirical results can be helpful in the design of map-based wayfinding enhancement tools.

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Section: Designing the 3d Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-test Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Liao

Dong

2017

IJGI

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“…Research participants with greater knowledge of weather processes and map reading skills have tended to make more accurate interpretations from weather maps (Allen et al 2006;Hegarty et al 2010). As was noted in the Lowe (1999) study, experts and non-experts alike can be hindered by distractions when attempting to make accurate inferences from maps Fabrikant et al 2010). Similar to the non-verbal elements of the message discussed above, visual elements may or may not help convey the intended message-and how visual elements affect processing varies between expert and non-expert users.…”

Section: The Influence Of Graphical Elements Of a Severe Weather Mmentioning

confidence: 93%

An exploratory study of the influence of severe weather radar broadcasts

Sherman–Morris¹,

Lea²

2016

J. Operational Meteor.

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The local television weathercaster is an essential communicator of severe weather information to the public, but the impact of the particular aspects of his or her severe weather broadcasts has received little scholarly attention. To fill this gap, the current study examines the influence of two severe weather broadcasts where the weathercaster was located either on or off the screen. Specifically, we examine risk perception, recall, and intent to take protective action from a tornado. Our results indicate that the presence of the weathercaster on-screen did not lead to significant differences in risk perception, behavioral intent, or recall-with the exception of the intent to call someone in the tornado's path to alert them. In this one instance, respondents who viewed a reflectivity video without the weathercaster on screen were more likely to call someone living in a specific location in the video. The video that illustrates risk with a velocity image led to lower overall perceived risk, and less likelihood to take shelter. The differences are most likely related to differences in the spoken message rather than visual differences between the two radar types. This is supported by other differences in risk perception for locations within each video, where locations in the spoken message were rated higher in terms of risk perception and likelihood to take action than locations not mentioned verbally, even when the location verbalized was not labeled on the map.

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“…Eye movement recording and analysis may offer additional tools to enhance usability studies. Several research papers integrating usability studies and eye movement analysis have also been published in geovisualization domain [1,2,3,12,13] and appear to continue attracting attention. While clearly useful, processing, analyzing and interpreting data that is collected via eye tracking is still cumbersome and arduous.…”

Section: Eye Movement Data Analysis and State-of-the-art In Spatiotemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Exploration of Eye Movement Data Using the Space-Time-Cube

Çöltekin

Kraak

2010

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Eye movement recordings produce large quantities of spatiotemporal data, and are more and more frequently used as an aid to gain further insight into human thinking in usability studies in GIScience domain among others. After reviewing some common visualization methods for eye movement data, the limitations of these methods are discussed. This paper proposes an approach that enables the use of the Space-Time-Cube (STC) for representation of eye movement recordings. Via interactive functions in the STC, spatiotemporal patterns in eye movement data could be analyzed. A case study is presented according to proposed solutions for eye movement data analysis. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using the STC to visually analyze eye movement recordings are summarized and discussed.

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Cognitively Inspired and Perceptually Salient Graphic Displays for Efficient Spatial Inference Making

Cited by 123 publications

References 36 publications

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

An exploratory study of the influence of severe weather radar broadcasts

Visual Exploration of Eye Movement Data Using the Space-Time-Cube

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