Cognitive Workload while Driving and Talking on a Cellular Phone or to a Passenger

Waugh, John D.; Glumm, Monica M.; Kilduff, Patricia W.; Tauson, Richard A.; Smyth, Christopher C.; Pillalamarri, Ramakrishna

doi:10.1177/154193120004403354

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Also, to counter overload from using the cell phone while driving, drivers often increase their safety margins by increasing headways to vehicles ahead (Brookhuis et al, 1991;Ishida and Matsuura, 2001), or by reducing their speed (Ishida and Matsuura, 2001;Waugh et al, 2000). In addition to pacing or modifying the driving, drivers can also pace the phone conversation (Waugh et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving

Shinar

Tractinsky

Compton

2005

Accident Analysis & Prevention

206

104

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Experimental research on the effects of cellular phone conversations on driving indicates that the phone task interferes with many drivingrelated functions, especially with older drivers. Unfortunately in past research (1) the dual task conditions were not repeated in order to test for learning, (2) the 'phone tasks' were not representative of real conversations, and (3) most often both the driving and the phone tasks were experimenter-paced. In real driving drivers learn to time-share various tasks, they can pace their driving to accommodate the demands of a phone conversation, and they can even partially pace the phone conversation to accommodate the driving demands. The present study was designed to better simulate real driving conditions by providing a simulated driving environment with repeated experiences of driving while carrying two different hands-free 'phone' tasks with different proximities to real conversations. In the course of five sessions of driving and using the phone, there was a learning effect on most of the driving measures. In addition, the interference from the phone task on many of the driving tasks diminished over time as expected. Finally, the interference effects were greater when the phone task was the often-used artificial math operations task than when it was an emotionally involving conversation, when the driving demands were greater, and when the drivers were older. Thus, the deleterious effects of conversing on the phone are very real initially, but may not be as severe with continued practice at the dual task, especially for drivers who are not old.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving

Shinar

Tractinsky

Compton

2005

Accident Analysis & Prevention

206

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The demands associated with the verbal and cognitive requirements of conversation via wireless telephone affect a wide variety of skills and abilities critical to safe driving, such as judging whether one's vehicle can fit through a certain gap (Brown, Tickner, & Simmonds, 1969) or adapting to changes in the velocity of a leading vehicle (Brookhuis, de Vries, & de Waard, 1991). Research examining real and simulated driving performance also found that concurrent verbal tasks result in more glances away from the road (Jenness, et al, 2002), increased reaction time to braking events (Irwin, Fitzgerald, & Berg, 2000), increased subjective mental workload (Haigney, Taylor, & Westerman, 2000;Waugh, et al, 2000), and a smaller window of gaze, with glances more concentrated towards the center of the field of vision and reduced glances to side mirrors and speedometer (Recarte & Nunes, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Speech Production and Speech Comprehension on Simulated Driving Performance

Kubose

Bock

Dell

et al. 2005

Driving Assessment 2005 : Proceedings of the 3rd International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Trainin

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Summary:We performed two experiments comparing the effects of speech production and speech comprehension on simulated driving performance. In both experiments, participants completed a speech task and a simulated driving task under single-and dual-task conditions, with language materials matched for linguistic complexity. In Experiment 1, concurrent production and comprehension resulted in more variable velocity compared to driving alone. Experiment 2 replicated these effects in a more difficult simulated driving environment, with participants showing larger and more variable headway times when speaking or listening while driving than when just driving. In both experiments, concurrent production yielded better control of lane position relative to single-task performance; concurrent comprehension had little impact on control of lane position. On all other measures, production and comprehension had very similar effects on driving. The results show, in line with previous work, that there are detrimental consequences for driving of concurrent language use. Our findings imply that these detrimental consequences may be roughly the same whether drivers are producing speech or comprehending it.

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“…The battery included solving a puzzle, repeating a sentence, and talking on a specific topic (27). The participants were asked to answer the prerecorded questions that were played section by section using a speaker located on the left side of the participants to simulate a phone conversation.…”

Section: Simulated Hands-free Phone Conversations (Hpfc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Hands-Free Cell Phone Conversation While Driving Increase the Risk of Cognitive Distraction Among Drivers? A Cross-Over Quasi-Experimental Study

Sadeghian

Karbakhsh

Saremi

et al. 2018

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Background: Conversation over the cell phone while driving is a known risk factor for road traffic crash. Using handsfree to talk on the cell phone may remove visual and manual distraction yet not the cognitive distraction. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of cognitive distraction due to hands-free cell phone conversation (HFPC) while driving. Methods: Twelve male and 12 female University students in Tehran, Iran, were selected via the consecutive convenient sampling method, and randomly assigned to one of the following administrations of cross-over quasi-experimental study design, during year 2016: Administration 1, participants performed the tests while involved in HFPC, took rest for 60 minute, and then performed the tests another time without HFPC; Administration 2, participants performed the tests without HFPC, took rest, and then performed the tests another time with HFPC. Each participant moved to the other administration after 7 to 10 days. The Vienna test system (VTS) was used to measure simple and choice reaction time, selective attention, visual orientation, and visual memory. Linear regression analysis was used to study the change in test scores due to HFPC.

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Cognitive Workload while Driving and Talking on a Cellular Phone or to a Passenger

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving

Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving

The Effects of Speech Production and Speech Comprehension on Simulated Driving Performance

Do Hands-Free Cell Phone Conversation While Driving Increase the Risk of Cognitive Distraction Among Drivers? A Cross-Over Quasi-Experimental Study

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