Cognitive work analysis and design: current practice and future practitioner requirements

Read, Gemma J. M.; Salmon, Paul M.; Lenné, Michael G.

doi:10.1080/1463922x.2014.930935

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This approach is in accordance with the literature, which indicates that this is the most suitable way to calculate reliability scores with data of this nature (Plant & Stanton, ). A percentage agreement of 82.6% was achieved, which is a substantial level of agreement when compared to other similar studies (Donovan, Salmon, Lenné, & Horberry, ; Read et al., ). Disagreements in coding were resolved through discussion between us, the authors.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Cognitive work analysis is a sociotechnical systems method that may be used to describe and model the system under analysis by describing the purposive and physical constraints imposed on activity within it (Vicente, ). It is commonly used for evaluating complex systems (Read, Salmon, & Lenné, ; Salmon, Jenkins, Stanton, & Walker, ) and aims to improve system design (Vicente, ). Cognitive work analysis allows for a formative, constraint‐based approach that models the possibilities for behavior within complex systems (e.g., how work could be done; Vicente, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A sociotechnical systems approach to understand complex urban systems: A global transdisciplinary perspective

Patorniti

Stevens

Salmon

2018

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

Self Cite

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Current approaches for the urban planning and design of our cities and towns are challenged by the inherent complexity of urban systems. Sociotechnical systems thinking is explored here to better understand this complexity and therein assist the service industries involved in urban planning and design practice. Subject matter expert knowledge and insights have been used to inform the development of a work domain analysis model, the first phase of cognitive work analysis. Work domain analysis allows for the constraints, boundaries, and interdependencies within a sociotechnical system to be identified and explored. This analysis describes and models an archetype complex urban system, providing new ways to understand urban complexity and inform urban planning and design practice. Further, the different discipline viewpoints (object worlds) of urban systems are identified within the work domain analysis. The results demonstrate the wide-ranging and transdisciplinary perspectives on complex urban systems, while also suggesting that cognitive work analysis is a suitable method to better understand their complexity. K E Y W O R D Scity design, cognitive work analysis, complex urban systems, main streets, sociotechnical systems

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sociotechnical systems approach to understand complex urban systems: A global transdisciplinary perspective

Patorniti

Stevens

Salmon

2018

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

Self Cite

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“…By combining the free flow idea generation of DwI with the constraint-based framework of CWA, designers are free to be creative within their designs, provided that the fundamental needs of the system are met. Tools to extend the CWA approach are needed as no typical means of using the outputs of CWA within design processes currently exists [40].…”

Section: Cognitive Work Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining Design: Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving

Allison

Stanton

2020

Automot. Innov.

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The design with intent (DwI) toolkit assists designers in creating novel designs and interfaces. DwI, however, is not constrained to any degree, making it impossible to know whether the produced designs adequately account for users' needs. In contrast, cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a human factors research tool that seeks to map a system and account for users' needs, yet does not provide clear guidelines for progressing such analysis into workable designs with which users can interact. This paper seeks to present a proof-of-concept investigation to demonstrate that DwI can be suitably constrained and validated by insights gained from CWA. CWA, in turn, benefits by having a suitable toolkit for progressing insights. Two teams of individuals without design backgrounds were able to develop mock-up in-vehicle interfaces aimed at reducing fuel use. The teams were able to use DwI toolkit to articulate the genesis of their ideas, which in turn could be directly linked to system needs identified within CWA.

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“…CWA has been applied to a wide range of complex systems. However, questions have been raised about its capacity to contribute directly to design (e.g., Jenkins, Salmon, Stanton, & Walker, ; Lindgren, Angelelli, & Alvarado mendoza, ; Read, Salmon, & Lenné, ). That is, while the outputs of CWA provide a rich description of system functioning, and can be used to develop recommendations for design, further effort is required to specify how the system should be redesigned (Lintern, ).…”

Section: Cognitive Work Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey of CWA practitioners was undertaken to understand the current processes used to design with CWA, and to gain input on the prioritization of the methodological requirements described above (Read et al, ). A total of 38 CWA practitioners responded to an electronic survey about their use of CWA, and the need for a new design method.…”

Section: Developing the Cwa‐dtmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sociotechnical design toolkit for bridging the gap between systems‐based analyses and system design

Read

Salmon

Lenné

2018

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

Self Cite

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Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a systems-based framework for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems; however, its ability to directly inform design has been questioned. The Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit (CWA-DT) was developed to address this gap. This study describes the development, application, and evolution of the CWA-DT and examines the extent to which it provides a useful approach to design. The evaluation draws upon five case-study applications. In three applications, involving the design of public transport ticketing systems, railway level crossing environments and road intersections, the toolkit was used in conjunction with CWA.In addition, we present two case studies where the CWA-DT was used with other systems-based analysis frameworks (for the design of incident prevention strategies for led outdoor activities and systemic interventions to improve road safety) to illustrate the flexibility of the toolkit. Based on feedback from participants involved in CWA-DT design processes, it is concluded that it provides a useful approach for translating human factors analyses into design concepts. Additional applications and adaptations of the approach are encouraged. K E Y W O R D S cognitive systems engineering, cognitive work analysis, design methods, design strategies, transportation

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Cognitive work analysis and design: current practice and future practitioner requirements

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

A sociotechnical systems approach to understand complex urban systems: A global transdisciplinary perspective

A sociotechnical systems approach to understand complex urban systems: A global transdisciplinary perspective

Constraining Design: Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving

A sociotechnical design toolkit for bridging the gap between systems‐based analyses and system design

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