Cognitive vulnerability in remitted depressed children and adolescents

Timbremont, Benedikte; Braet, Caroline

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00151-7

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, findings in this research area are mixed, as a study found that remitted adults and children with BD did not differ from HC in terms of their ability to inhibit negative stimuli ( Joormann and Gotlib 2010). Similarly, in another study, BD patients did not display negative emotional biases during the performance of a memory task (Timbremont and Braet 2004). A potential explanation for the divergence in findings could be that in previous studies the participants' mood was manipulated via negative or positive induction (Scher et al 2005;Ramel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Bauer

Frazier

Meyer

et al. 2015

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by biased processing of emotional information. However, little research in this area has been conducted in youth with BD and at-risk individuals. The goal of this study was to determine whether children with BD displayed comparable or more severe manifestations of this bias relative to offspring of parents with BD. Materials and methods: The sample (n = 57 children and adolescents) included 18 individuals with BD (age: 13.63 -2.99; 8 females), 16 offspring of parents with BD (age: 11.83 -2.96; 9 females) and 23 healthy controls (HC) (age: 12.789 -3.087; 8 females). All participants performed the Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) and the Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: Relative to HC, individuals with BD responded faster to correct trials and committed an elevated number of commission errors across all affective conditions of the AGN task. By contrast, BD offspring showed intact performance accuracy but quicker response times than HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that this behavioral pattern was observed in BD offspring with mental health problems but not in healthy BD offspring. Overall, mean reaction times and total number of errors in the RVP task were comparable across groups. Conclusions: In line with previous findings, subjects with BD encountered difficulties in processing affective information. The tendency toward faster but accurate responses to affective stimuli observed in BD offspring may be a marker of attentional bias toward affective information and constitute a vulnerability marker for mood disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Bauer

Frazier

Meyer

et al. 2015

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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“…Lower rates of positive adjective endorsement also occur among psychiatric inpatient youth (Gencoz, Voelz, Gencoz, Pettit, & Joiner, 2001). Furthermore, depressed youth rate more negative words as self-descriptive (Timbremont & Braet, 2004). Youth at risk for depression demonstrate memory biases for negative self-descriptions (Hammen, 1988).…”

Section: An Integrative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 98%

Empirical evidence of cognitive vulnerability for depression among children and adolescents: A cognitive science and developmental perspective

Jacobs

Reinecke

Gollan

et al. 2008

Clinical Psychology Review

187

135

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We summarize and integrate research on cognitive vulnerability to depression among children and adolescents. We first review prospective longitudinal studies of the most researched cognitive vulnerability factors (attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, and self-perception) and depression among youth. We next review research on information processing biases in youth. We propose that the integration of these two literatures will result in a more adequate test of cognitive vulnerability models. Last, we outline a program of research addressing methodological, statistical, and scientific limitations in the cognitive vulnerability literature.

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“…Although most research on early cognitive risk for depression was conducted with adults, there now exists a large body of work that has examined cognitive risk for depression amongst youth. Thus, numerous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support negative schema content as an important predictor of depression in youth (Abela & Sullivan, 2003;Carter & Garber, 2001;Garber, Weiss, & Shanley, 1993;Hammen & Zupan, 1984;Hankin, Abramson, Miller, & Haeffel, 2004;Kercher, Rapee, & Schniering, 2009;Lewinsohn, Joiner, & Rohde, 2001;Lumley & Harkness, 2007;Timbremont & Braet, 2004). For example, Hammen and Zupan (1984) found that children with depressive symptoms as early as grades 3 to 6 endorsed more negative selfdescriptive words than children without symptoms of depression.…”

Section: Cognitive Schemas and Youth Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive schemas as longitudinal predictors of self-reported adolescent depressive symptoms and resilience

Friedmann

Lumley

Lerman

2015

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Given that depression risk intensifies in adolescence, examining the course of depressive symptoms during the shift from childhood to adolescence is important for expanding knowledge about the etiology of depression. From a cognitive-developmental perspective, this study examined the stability of both positive and negative schemas in adolescence and whether these schemas could prospectively predict depressive symptoms and resilience in youth. One hundred ninety-eight participants (48 percent boys, 52 percent girls) between the ages of 9 and 14 were recruited from 4 elementary schools to complete measures of youth depressive symptoms, resilience, and schema content and organization. Those who consented to be re-contacted for a follow-up study were contacted one to three years later to complete the same measures online. The Time 2 sample consisted of 50 participants (54 percent boys, 46 percent girls). Negative and positive schema content and structure were stable over time. Depressive symptoms at Time 2 were hypothesized to be predicted by strong negative and weak positive schema content, tightly interconnected negative schema organization, and loosely interconnected positive schema organization at Time 1. The opposite patterns of association were hypothesized between schema content and structure and resilience. After controlling for age, sex and depressive symptoms /resilience at Time 1, negative schema content was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms and resilience at Time 2. Implications for cognitive theories and clinical practice are discussed.iii Acknowledgements

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Cognitive vulnerability in remitted depressed children and adolescents

Cited by 66 publications

References 38 publications

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Empirical evidence of cognitive vulnerability for depression among children and adolescents: A cognitive science and developmental perspective

Cognitive schemas as longitudinal predictors of self-reported adolescent depressive symptoms and resilience

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