Cognitive Training for Psychiatric Disorders

Subramaniam, Karuna; Vinogradov, Sophia

doi:10.1038/npp.2012.177

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…We and others have also demonstrated that the mPFC plays a critical function in mediating interactions between mood and higher-order cognition during reality-monitoring (Vinogradov et al, 2008;Subramaniam et al, 2012Subramaniam et al, , 2016Subramaniam et al, , 2017Subramaniam and Vinogradov, 2013). These prior correlative imaging studies which show that mPFC supports both reality monitoring and mood enhancement underscore the critical need to investigate whether mPFC can causally impact reality monitoring and mood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring

Subramaniam

Kothare

Hinkley

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Reality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. Functional imaging studies have consistently found that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring. This study aimed to determine a causal role for mPFC in reality monitoring using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS). In a subject-blinded sham-controlled crossover design, healthy individuals received either active or sham nrTMS targeting mPFC. Active modulation of mPFC using nrTMS at a frequency of 10 Hz, significantly improved identification of both self-generated and externally-derived information during reality monitoring, when compared to sham or baseline. Targeted excitatory modulation of mPFC also improved positive mood, reduced negative mood, and increased overall alertness/arousal. These results establish optimal nrTMS dosing parameters that maximized tolerability/comfort and induced significant neuromodulatory effects in the mPFC target. Importantly, this is a proof-of-concept study that establishes the mPFC as a novel brain target that can be stimulated with nrTMS to causally impact both higher-order reality monitoring and mood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring

Subramaniam

Kothare

Hinkley

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Additionally, DMN connectivity metrics could be used as neuroimaging markers to monitor the success of treatments that target social functioning. For example, the observation of early changes in DMN resting-state connectivity could predict the effectiveness of cognitive remediation or social skills training targeting schizophrenia (Subramaniam & Vinogradov, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Default mode functional connectivity is associated with social functioning in schizophrenia.

Fox¹,

Abram²,

Reilly³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Individuals with schizophrenia display notable deficits in social functioning. Research indicates that neural connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) is related to social cognition and social functioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the association between DMN connectivity, social cognition, and social functioning has not been studied in schizophrenia. For the present study, we used resting-state neuroimaging data to evaluate connectivity between the main DMN hubs (i.e., the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex-anterior precuneus (PPC)) in individuals with schizophrenia (n=28) and controls (n=32). We also examined whether DMN connectivity was associated with social functioning via social attainment (measured by the Specific Levels of Functioning Scale) and social competence (measured by the Social Skills Performance Assessment), and if social cognition mediates the association between DMN connectivity and these measures of social functioning. Results revealed that DMN connectivity did not differ between individuals with schizophrenia and controls. However, connectivity between the mPFC and PCC hubs was significantly associated with social competence and social attainment in individuals with schizophrenia but not in controls as reflected by a significant group-by-connectivity interaction. Social cognition did not mediate the association between social functioning and DMN connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that fronto-parietal DMN connectivity in particular may be differentially associated with social functioning in schizophrenia and controls. As a result, DMN connectivity may be used as a neuroimaging marker to monitor treatment response or as a potential target for interventions that aim to enhance social functioning in schizophrenia.

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“…Psychosis typically emerges during excessive pruning of excitatory pathways, leading to hypoactive aberrant networks in the PFC (21,22). Thus, these prior findings are particularly exciting, as they indicate that aberrations in mPFC activity are not immutably fixed even in chronically-ill patients with schizophrenia but that activity can be increased by behavioral interventions such that they became correlated with improvements in reality monitoring and real-world functioning (3,20). In other words, a serious cognitive reality monitoring deficit in patients with psychosis and its underlying neural dysfunction indexed by mPFC hypoactivity, can be improved by behavioral interventions and can improve quality of life even in patients with chronic psychosis(3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A). Targeting of mPFC was based on coordinates derived from our prior imaging studies on reality monitoring (3,20) (Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing a causal role for medial prefrontal cortex in reality monitoring

Subramaniam

Kothare

Hinkley

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Reality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. Functional imaging studies have consistently found that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine a causal role for mPFC in reality monitoring using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS). In a subject-blinded sham-controlled crossover design, healthy individuals received either active or sham nrTMS targeting mPFC. Active modulation of mPFC using nrTMS at a frequency of 10 Hz, significantly improved identification of both self-generated and externally-derived information during reality monitoring, when compared to sham or baseline. Targeted excitatory modulation of mPFC also improved positive mood ratings, reduced negative mood ratings and increased overall alertness/arousal. These results establish optimal nrTMS dosing parameters that maximized tolerability/comfort and induced significant neuromodulatory effects in the mPFC target. Importantly, this is a proof-of-concept study that establishes the mPFC as a novel brain target that can be stimulated with nrTMS to causally impact both mood and higher-order reality monitoring.

show abstract

Cognitive Training for Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring

Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring

Default mode functional connectivity is associated with social functioning in schizophrenia.

Establishing a causal role for medial prefrontal cortex in reality monitoring

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