Cognitive therapy vs behaviour therapy in the treatment of chronic general anxiety

Experimental analysis of specific treatment factors: Efficacy and practice implications

“…The results from these five evaluations (Barlow et al, 1992;Borkovec et al, 2002;Durham & Turvey, 1987;Ost & Breitholtz, 2000;White et al, 1992) are suggestive that "something" in the treatments was effective given the chronic nature of GAD. However, the active ingredients cannot yet be identified due to the lack of differences among treatment groups, though Borkovec et al suggest that both behavioral and cognitive components are efficacious.…”

“…As it is likely that the ND treatment included factors that are common to therapy, the findings from this evaluation support that something in AR and CBT is an active ingredient of change. Durham and Turvey (1987) compared Beck's CT with BT consisting of "relaxation, distraction and graded exposure" (p. 230) with 41 outpatients. Although this is reviewed as a component-controlled evaluation, it is important to note that the BT group was vaguely described in that it is not known whether PMR, AR, SCD or some combination was used although it appears to be at least AR.…”

Muscle tension in generalized anxiety disorder: A critical review of the literature

“…An association between daily stress and muscle tension is plausible and has in fact been demonstrated. Lundberg Barlow et al (1984) 11 PD CBT + PRT + BF 14 weeks PP CBT + PRT + BF > WL Gains maintained 9 GAD WL CR SR Blowers, Cobb, and Mathews (1987) 66 GAD AMT (CT + PRT) 10 weeks CR AMT > NDT + WL Gains maintained NDT SR WL Durham and Turvey (1987) 41 GAD CT 6 months SR CT = BT CT maintained BT (=RT) BT declined Borkovec et al (1987) Barlow et al (1992) 65 GAD PRT 15 sessions CR PRT = CT = CT + PRT > WL Gains maintained CT SR CT + PRT D WL Borkovec and Costello (1993) 55 GAD PRT 6 weeks CR CBT = PRT > NDT Gains maintained CBT (+PRT) SR NDT Stanley et al (1996) 48 GAD CBT ( Arntz (2003) 45 GAD AR 12 sessions SR AR = CT Gains maintained CT D Note: AMT = anxiety management therapy, AR = applied relaxation (Ö st, 1987), BF = biofeedback (EMG), BT = behavior therapy, CBT = cognitive-behavioral therapy, CR = clinicians' ratings, CT = cognitive therapy, D = diary, GAD = generalized anxiety disorder, NDT = non-directive therapy, PD = panic disorder, PP = psychophysiological, PRT = progressive relaxation training (Bernstein & Borkovec, 1973), RT = relaxation training (unspecified), SCD = self-control desensitization, SP = supportive psychotherapy (group discussion), SR = self-reports and WL = wait list. et al (1999) investigated this relationship among female supermarket cashiers and found a correlation between work stress and muscle tension (EMG).…”

Specific and Nonspecific Treatment Factors in the Experimental Analysis of Behavioral Treatment Efficacy

“…Because it is likely that the ND treatment included factors that are common to therapy, the findings from this evaluation support that something in AR and CBT is an active ingredient of change. Durham and Turvey (1987) compared Beck's CT with BT consisting of "relaxation, distraction, and graded exposure" (p. 230) with 41 outpatients. Although this is reviewed as a component-controlled evaluation, it is important to note that the BT group was vaguely described in that it is not known whether PMR, AR, SCD, or some combination was used, although it appears to be at least AR.…”