“…This can negatively impact a student's learning experience and inhibit a student's ability to create shared meaning and understanding (Phirangee & Malec, 2017). Furthermore, Greer, Crutchfield, and Woods (2013) posited that the effectiveness of online courses is contingent upon the suitability of its instructional design for the cognitive process of the intended students. Current online course designs are likely to be suitable for students not receiving special education services, but not necessarily SWDs (Greer, Crutchfield, & Woods, 2013).…”