Cognitive test to forecast unsafe driving in older drivers: Meta-analysis

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study performed meta-analysis on the literatures that surveyed cognitive test to forecast unsafe driving by older drivers and identified objective and consistent cognitive test for predicting unsafe driving of older drivers. SELECTION CRITERIA: The study of RCT (Randomized Control Trial) that conducted cognitive test by classifying older drivers into safe-drivers and unsafe-drivers was done and a total of nine studies suitable for the selection criteria were chosen. SEARCH STRATEGY: To meet subject selection, online search was performed by keyword such as "Older", "Driving", "Safe", "Cognition", etc. Qualitative analysis of the study was conducted using Jadad evaluation. Quantitative analysis also conducted statistical heterogeneity, effect size, sensitivity and publication bias every cognitive assessment tool. RESULT: The Jadad evaluation grade of the studies was assessed on papers of a high quality -all study received over 3 points. The result of the effect sizes was that TMT-B, TMT-A, UFOV-subtest 2 and MMSE were statistically significant (P < .05). As a result, TMT-B was "Big effect size", TMT-A and UFOV-subtest 2 were "Medium effect sizes" and MMSE was "Small effect size." CONCLUSION: TMT-A, TMT-B and UFOV-subtest 2 were found to be useful as cognitive test tools to forecast unsafe driving of older drivers.

A meta-analysis of perceptual and cognitive functions involved in useful-field-of-view test performance

“…Furthermore, UFOV test scores have often been related to driving ability (Ball, Owsley, Sloane, Roenker, & Bruni, 1993;Bowers et al, 2013;Hoffman & McDowd, 2010;Rubin et al, 2007;Wood, Chaparro, Lacherez, & Hickson, 2012). Two recent meta-analyses report medium to large effect sizes of the UFOV test's ability to distinguish safe from unsafe drivers based on various measures such as on-road driving, driving-simulator performance, and driving problems (Mathias & Lucas, 2009;Seong-Youl, Jae-Shin, & A-Young, 2014).…”

Usefulness of the driveABLE cognitive assessment in predicting the driving risk factor of stroke patients

“…The cognitive functions include attention, memory, reaction time, executive function associated with driving factors. The MMSE evaluates the cognitive functions related to driving 12 , 14 ) . TMT-A can evaluate the reaction time, visual scanning and visual attention.…”

“…The data was analyzed to predict the risk of an on-road driving evaluation. The MMSE has been reported to be associated with driving 12 ) . The TMT is divided into A or B types, and it measures response time, attention, sequencing, executive function, and visual scanning 5 , 12 ) .…”

“…The MMSE has been reported to be associated with driving 12 ) . The TMT is divided into A or B types, and it measures response time, attention, sequencing, executive function, and visual scanning 5 , 12 ) . The results of these tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the participants in this study.…”

“…The DriveABLE cognitive assessment tool (DCAT) was developed to assess the cognitive functions related to driving, and has been used to predict the risk potential of a driving evaluation 11 ) . In addition, a driving simulator can evaluate a subject’s ability under virtual driving conditions, and can predict the risk of an on-road test 2 , 12 ) .…”