Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults.

Daffner, Kirk R.; Chong, Hyemi; Riis, Jenna L.; Rentz, Dorene M.; Wolk, David A.; Budson, Andrew E.; Holcomb, Phillip J.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.3.291

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The behavioral results from this study were the focus of a previous report (Daffner et al, 2007). To summarize, cognitively high performing old subjects looked at novel stimuli as long as cognitively high performing middle-age and young subjects, and longer than cognitively average performing old subjects.…”

Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Of particular interest has been elucidating the neural mechanisms that allow some older individuals to perform cognitive tasks at a level comparable to their younger counterparts (Cabeza et al, 2002;Daffner et al, 2006b;Duarte et al, 2006;Stern, 2002). In this context, we have published a series of related reports on differences between cognitively average and cognitively high performing adults across the lifespan in their P3 event-related potential and behavioral responses to novel and target events (Daffner et al, 2005;Daffner et al, 2006b;Daffner et al, 2006a;Daffner et al, 2007). Our emphasis has been on novelty processing because of the notion that increased responsiveness to novelty may not only be a reflection of successful cognitive aging, but also helps to promote it (Daffner et al, 2006a;Wilson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several previous studies, we have employed this paradigm with cognitively high and average performing young, middleage and old adults (determined by dividing each age group into those scoring in the top (cognitively high) and middle third (cognitively average) on neuropsychological tests based on age-appropriate norms). These studies have revealed several major findings: 1) Behaviorally, the viewing duration of novel stimuli (an index of visual attention and exploratory behavior (Berlyne, 1960)) of cognitively high performing old individuals was comparable to that of cognitively high performing middle-age and young subjects, and longer than matched cognitively average performing old subjects (Daffner et al, 2007). 2) Cognitively high performing old individuals had faster, more accurate responses to targets than cognitively average performing old individuals (Daffner et al, 2006a) and performed comparably to cognitively high performing middle-age and young individuals (Daffner et al, 2007). 3) The P3 latency to targets of cognitively high performing old subjects was shorter than that of cognitively average performing old subjects (Daffner et al, 2006a), and comparable to that of middle-age and young cognitively high performing subjects (Daffner et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have revealed several major findings: 1) Behaviorally, the viewing duration of novel stimuli (an index of visual attention and exploratory behavior (Berlyne, 1960)) of cognitively high performing old individuals was comparable to that of cognitively high performing middle-age and young subjects, and longer than matched cognitively average performing old subjects (Daffner et al, 2007). 2) Cognitively high performing old individuals had faster, more accurate responses to targets than cognitively average performing old individuals (Daffner et al, 2006a) and performed comparably to cognitively high performing middle-age and young individuals (Daffner et al, 2007). 3) The P3 latency to targets of cognitively high performing old subjects was shorter than that of cognitively average performing old subjects (Daffner et al, 2006a), and comparable to that of middle-age and young cognitively high performing subjects (Daffner et al, 2006b). 4) Cognitively high performing old subjects generated a larger P3 amplitude to novel stimuli than both cognitively average performing old subjects (Daffner et al, 2006a) and cognitively high performing middle-age and young subjects (Daffner et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

et al. 2008

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Most cognitive neuroscientific research exploring the nature of age-associated compensatory mechanisms has compared old adults (high vs. average performers) to young adults (not split by performance), leaving ambiguous whether findings are truly age-related or reflect differences between high and average performers throughout the lifespan. Here, we examined differences in neural activity (as measured by ERPs) that were generated by high vs. average performing old, middle-age, and young adults while processing novel and target events to investigate the following three questions: 1) Are differences between cognitively high and average performing subjects in the allocation of processing resources (as indexed by P3 amplitude) specific to old subjects, or found throughout the adult lifespan? 2) Are differences between cognitively high and average performing subjects in speed of processing (as indexed by target P3 latency) of similar magnitude throughout the adult lifespan? 3) Where along the information processing stream does the compensatory neural activity attributed to cognitively high performing old subjects begin to take place? Our results suggest that high performing old adults successfully manage the task by a compensatory neural mechanism associated with the modulation of controlled processing and the allocation of more resources, whereas high performing younger subjects execute the task more efficiently with fewer resources. Differences between cognitively high and average performers in processing speed increase with age. Middle-age seems to be a critical stage in which substantial differences in neural activity between high and average performers emerge. These findings provide strong evidence for different patterns of agerelated changes in the processing of salient environmental stimuli, with cognitive status serving as a key mediating variable.

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Section: Behaviormentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

et al. 2008

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IntroductionEngaging with novel objects and higher cognitive performance in old age appears connected in humans (Daffner et al, 2007). Based on previous results (Kaulfuß & Mills, 2008) dogs are attracted towards novel objects over familiar ones.

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confidence: 99%

Neophilia in successfully ageing dogs: preliminary results.

Szabó¹,

Bognár²,

Stiegmann³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 11th International Veterinary Behaviour Meeting, 14-16th September 2017, Samorin, Slovakia

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IntroductionEngaging with novel objects and higher cognitive performance in old age appears connected in humans (Daffner et al., 2007). Based on previous results (Kaulfuß & Mills, 2008) dogs are attracted towards novel objects over familiar ones. Using a simple setup, we investigated whether this phenomenon is also observable in senior dogs. Material and MethodsWe tested dogs over eight years of age (n=44), free from overt medical conditions and sensory impairment. During a one-minute long presentation phase, dogs were encouraged to investigate two identical objects. Afterwards, the dogs left the room for five minutes, during which one of the objects was replaced with for a novel object. Upon returning for the test phase, dogs were released without any specific command, and the dogs' first contact with the objects was recorded. ResultsTwenty-eight dogs manipulated at least one of the objects during this phase (the remaining dogs were passive or oriented toward the humans). Dogs contacted the novel object more frequently than the familiar object (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: z=-2.197, p<0.05). ConclusionNeophilia was evident in normally ageing dogs, even after a very brief presentation and a short break. Our simple protocol could be included in the evaluation of cognitive state of dogs in the veterinary practice; multiple trials can be carried out within minutes, and without pre-training. Future studies should investigate whether the loss of ability to detect novel objects may be an indication of pathological cognitive decline in senior dogs, as it is in humans. References:Daffner, K. R., Chong, H., Riis, J., Rentz, D. M., Wolk, D. A., Budson, A. E., Holcomb, P. J. 2007. Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults. Neuropsychology, 21(3), 291-300. Kaulfuß, P., Mills, D. S. 2008. Neophilia in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and its implication for studies of dog cognition. Animal cognition, 11(3), 553-556.

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Age-related differences in early novelty processing: Using PCA to parse the overlapping anterior P2 and N2 components

Daffner

Alperin

Mott

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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Previous work demonstrated age-associated increases in the anterior P2 and age-related decreases in the anterior N2 in response to novel stimuli. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine if the inverse relationship between these components was due to their temporal and spatial overlap. PCA revealed an early anterior P2, sensitive to task relevance, and a late anterior P2, responsive to novelty, both exhibiting age-related amplitude increases. A PCA factor representing the anterior N2, sensitive to novelty, exhibited age-related amplitude decreases. The late P2 and N2 to novels inversely correlated. Larger late P2 amplitude to novels was associated with better behavioral performance. Age-related differences in the anterior P2 and N2 to novel stimuli likely represent age-associated changes in independent cognitive operations. Enhanced anterior P2 activity (indexing augmentation in motivational salience) may be a compensatory mechanism for diminished anterior N2 activity (indexing reduced ability of older adults to process ambiguous representations).

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Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults.

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

Compensatory neural activity distinguishes different patterns of normal cognitive aging

Neophilia in successfully ageing dogs: preliminary results.

Age-related differences in early novelty processing: Using PCA to parse the overlapping anterior P2 and N2 components

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