Cognitive status and its risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes in a low‐income rural area of China: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

ObjectivesThe proportion of older people with dementia in China is gradually increasing with the increase in the aging population over recent years. Hypertension and diabetes are common non‐communicable diseases among rural populations in China. However, it remains unclear whether these conditions affect the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment as there is limited research on cognitive status and its risk factors among residents of rural areas.MethodsA multi‐stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5400 participants from rural permanent residents. A self‐designed structured questionnaire was used to investigate demographic data of the participants. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA). The results were analyzed using chi‐square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 5028 participants returned the survey, giving a response rate of 93.1%. Higher education (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.87–3.54, p < 0.001), higher income (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16–2.07, p < 0.001), and dietary control (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.34–0.98, p < 0.001) were protective factors. A visual representation of the relationship between annual income and MoCA score showed an inverted U‐curve, the group with an annual income of 6000–7999 RMB had a maximum OR of 1.93 (95%CI 0.12–2.74, p < 0.001). While difficulty in maintaining sleep were risk factors for cognitive impairment (OR = −2.28, 95% CI–4.18–0.39, p = 0.018).ConclusionsParticipants with middle incomes had better cognitive status than those with the highest incomes. Higher education, proper diet control and good sleep are beneficial to the cognitive status of residents in rural areas.

Higher remnant cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…However, the aMCI group had a higher average age, a larger proportion of women, and a lower proportion of individuals with high school education or above, which is consistent with previous research ( Garibotto et al, 2008 ; Overton et al, 2019 ; US Preventive Services Task Force et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2022 ). Additionally, compared to the normal group, the aMCI group had a lower average monthly income, which aligns with previous findings ( Guo et al, 2023 ). These demographics differences did not shadow the unique association of RC with aMCI identified from the logistic regression, as they were controlled.…”