Cognitive self-consciousness, implicit learning and obsessive–compulsive disorder

Marker, Craig D.; Calamari, John E.; Woodard, John L.; Riemann, Bradley C.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.03.003

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As predicted, the OCD group revealed a reduced ability of implicit learning, indexed by significantly slower RTs within the sequence blocks and reduced sequence learning effects. Our results replicate findings from former studies that applied SRT tasks to OCD samples and found deficits in implicit learning in the affected individuals (Deckersbach et al 2002;Goldman et al 2008;Kathmann et al 2005;Marker et al 2006). However, to our knowledge, this is the first neuropsychological study that reports evidence for impaired implicit learning in children and adolescents with OCD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD

Vloet

Marx

Kahraman-Lanzerath

et al. 2010

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have both been linked to dysfunction in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry (CSTCC). However, the exact nature of neurocognitive deficits remains to be investigated in both disorders. We applied two neuropsychological tasks that tap into different functions associated with the CSTCC, namely a serial reaction time (SRT) task, developed to assess implicit sequence learning, and a delay aversion (DA) task in order to assess abnormal motivational processes. The performance data of boys with ADHD (n=20), OCD (n=20) and healthy controls (n=25), all aged 10-18 years, were compared. Subjects with ADHD less frequently chose the larger, more delayed reward compared to those with OCD and controls, while subjects with OCD showed impaired implicit learning. In contrast, the ADHD group was unimpaired in their implicit learning behavior and the OCD group was not characterized by a DA style. Within the OCD-group, severity of obsessions was associated with implicit learning deficits and impulsive symptoms with DA in the ADHD-group. This double dissociation highlights the distinct cognitive dysfunctions associated with ADHD and OCD and might possibly point to different neural abnormalities in both disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD

Vloet

Marx

Kahraman-Lanzerath

et al. 2010

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Our results add to our previous correlational findings and those of other researchers that point to an association between high trait cognitive self-consciousness and lower memory performance (Exner, Kohl, et al, 2009;Goldman et al, 2008;Marker et al, 2006). Our new experimental findings take matters one step further and speak in favor of a causal influence of situationally heightened cognitive self-consciousness on reduced memory performance.…”

Section: Influence Of Situational Csc and Influence Of A Common Dual-supporting

confidence: 86%

“…While previous studies demonstrated a relationship between trait CSC and memory performance (Exner, Kohl, et al, 2009;Goldman et al, 2008;Marker et al, 2006), this is the first study that experimentally manipulated situational CSC to investigate its influence on visual memory performance.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Another study revealed that CSC mediated group differences between OCD participants and healthy controls in episodic memory (Exner, Kohl, et al, 2009). Two studies found that CSC was negatively associated with implicit learning performance (Goldman et al, 2008;Marker, Calamari, Woodard, & Riemann, 2006). Despite these correlational results, the mechanisms by which heightened cognitive self-consciousness and memory processes interact remain unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of cognitive self-consciousness on visual memory in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Kikul¹,

Vetter²,

Lincoln³

et al. 2011

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Impairment in repetition priming (S. J. Enright, 1993) and in implicit sequence learning, accompanied by enhanced recognition of embedded stimulus patterns (Marker, Calamari, Woodard, & Riemann, 2006), have previously been reported in OCD and interpreted as gating deficits, whereby stimuli which 21 are normally processed outside of conscious awareness are processed consciously and inefficiently, in turn increasing thought salience. Interference in automatic processing of repeated stimuli indicated in the current study could conceivably be related to OCD symptomatology such as uncertainty as to whether an action has previously been performed.…”

Section: Repetition-related Cerebral Processingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods: We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results: Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar RT deficits and ERP anomalies across several components, which correlated with psychopathology and RT priming. In OCD alone, N1 latency tended to increase to repeated stimuli, correlated with O-C symptoms, whereas it decreased in other groups. OCD-checkers had smaller target P2 amplitude than all other groups. Conclusions: Enhanced neural priming is not unique to OCD and may contribute to salient sensory-cognitive experiences in anxiety generally. These effects are related to symptom severity and occur to neutral stimuli and in the context of overall RT impairment, suggesting they may be clinically relevant and pervasive. The results indicate overlapping information-processing and neurobiological factors across disorders, with indications of OCD-specific trends and subgroup differences. Significance: This first electrophysiological investigation of OCD priming in OCD to include anxious controls and OCD subgroups allows for differentiation between overlapping and OCD-specific phenomena, to advance neurobiological models of OCD. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Highlights• We conducted the first electrophysiological investigation of repetition priming in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to include anxious and healthy controls and the first ERP study to consider OCD symptom subgroups.• Repetition priming was exaggerated in both OCD and panic disorder, and related to atypical ERP topography and symptom severity.• P2 amplitude to targets was significantly smaller in a non-washing/checking subgroup of OCD than all other groups. 3 AbstractObjective: Repeated experience with stimuli often primes faster, more efficient neuronal and behavioural responses. Exaggerated repetition priming effects have previously been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however little is known of their underlying neurobiology or disorder-specificity, hence we investigated these factors. Methods:We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) and behaviour while participants with OCD, panic disorder and healthy controls (20 per group) performed a Go/ NoGo task which manipulated target repetition sequences. Results:Both clinical groups showed stronger reaction time (RT) priming than HCs, which in OCD was greater in a checking, than washing, subgroup. Both clinical groups had similar R...

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Cognitive self-consciousness, implicit learning and obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD

Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD

Effects of cognitive self-consciousness on visual memory in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive–compulsive and panic disorders

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