Cognitive Screening for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Assisted Living: Comparison of 3 Tests

Kaufer, Daniel I.; Williams, Christianna S.; Braaten, Alyssa; Gill, Karminder S.; Zimmerman, Sheryl; Sloane, Philip D.

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2008.05.006

Cited by 101 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…High sensitivity corresponds to high negative predictive value and is the ideal to rule out dementia. We found considerable variation Borson et al, 34 2003 Borson et al, 35 2005 Borson et al, 36 2006 Carnero-Pardo et al, 37 2013 Fuchs et al, 38 2012 Holsinger et al, 39 2012 Kaufer et al, 40 2008 Milian et al, 41 Alexopoulos et al, 42 2010 Bastide et al, 43 2012 Carvalho et al, 44 2010 dos Santos Kawala et al, 45 2012 Fang et al, 46 2014 Konstantinopoulou et al, 47 2011 Kwak et al, 48 2010 Mioshi et al, 9 2006 Pigliautile et al, 49 2011, study 1 Pigliautile et al, 49 Dalrymple-Alford et al, 53 2010 Dong et al, 54 2012 Hu et al, 55 2013 Larner, 56 2012 Cummings-Vaughn et al, 57 2014 Luis et al, 58 2009 Martinelli et al, 59 2014 Nasreddin et al, 31 2005 Smith et al, 60 on the definitions of cutoff thresholds among the individual studies. According to our selection criteria, the most common cutoff scores for the MMSE for dementia were 23 and 24 (44.4% study cohorts), and approximately 20% of eligible cohorts used cutoff scores of 25 to 26 (range, 17-28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia

et al. 2015

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IMPORTANCE Dementia is a global public health problem. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a proprietary instrument for detecting dementia, but many other tests are also available.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of all cognitive tests for the detection of dementia.DATA SOURCES Literature searches were performed on the list of dementia screening tests in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychoINFO from the earliest available dates stated in the individual databases until September 1, 2014. Because Google Scholar searches literature with a combined ranking algorithm on citation counts and keywords in each article, our literature search was extended to Google Scholar with individual test names and dementia screening as a supplementary search.STUDY SELECTION Studies were eligible if participants were interviewed face to face with respective screening tests, and findings were compared with criterion standard diagnostic criteria for dementia. Bivariate random-effects models were used, and the area under the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to present the overall performance.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were the main outcomes.RESULTS Eleven screening tests were identified among 149 studies with more than 49 000 participants. Most studies used the MMSE (n = 102) and included 10 263 patients with dementia. The combined sensitivity and specificity for detection of dementia were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.84) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91), respectively. Among the other 10 tests, the Mini-Cog test and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) had the best diagnostic performances, which were comparable to that of the MMSE (Mini-Cog, 0.91 sensitivity and 0.86 specificity; ACE-R, 0.92 sensitivity and 0.89 specificity). Subgroup analysis revealed that only the Montreal Cognitive Assessment had comparable performance to the MMSE on detection of mild cognitive impairment with 0.89 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEBesides the MMSE, there are many other tests with comparable diagnostic performance for detecting dementia. The Mini-Cog test and the ACE-R are the best alternative screening tests for dementia, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is the best alternative for mild cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia

et al. 2015

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“…44,45 Consequently, our methods could have missed cases of mild cognitive impairment. It remains possible, therefore, that COPD severity could predict milder degrees of cognitive dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COPD And Cognitive Impairment: The Role Of Hypoxemia And Oxygen Therapy

Thakur¹,

Blanc²,

Julián³

et al. 2010

C25. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updates on Epidemiology and Clinical Phenotypes

133

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“…The test developed originally in the mid 70's evaluates various parameters that include the assessments of orientation to place and time, short-term memory, episodic long-term memory, subtraction, ability to construct a sentence and oral language ability [14][15][16][17]. According to the Alzheimer's Society, MMSE is the most commonly used test for complaints of problems with memory or other mental abilities and the test can be used by clinicians to help diagnose dementia [18].…”

Section: Assessment Of Mental Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

Yanagimachi¹,

Takahashi²,

Bernier³

et al. 2017

Alzheimers Dement Cogn Neurol

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Purpose: Decline of olfactory function has been linked to aging of the brain and also to risk of developing dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases according to several Western studies of community-dwelling populations. The aim of this study was to understand the usefulness of a smell identification test to identify early signs of mental decline in relation with age, sex, and education in a community-dwelling population in Japan. Material and methods:The participants comprised of 1102 volunteers aged 20-90 (437 male and 665 female) who entered the Hirosaki University observational longitudinal study that first started in 2005. Each participant self-evaluated their olfactory abilities and later on were subject to modified Pocket Smell Test (mPST) odor identification test developed in collaboration with Sensonics Inc. followed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate mental fitness. Multiple statistical analyses were performed to determine the usefulness of the simplified 4-odor (grape, onion, rose and soap) to understand non-invasively possible deterioration of brain function in relation with self-estimation of olfactory function, subjects age, sex, education and MMSE. Results:The results revealed similarities between self-estimation of olfactory sensory capabilities and mPST odor identification test (82.2% accuracy). A clear relationship between aging, sex, education and olfactory system impairment was also observed. In addition, the polyserial correlation coefficient was 0.3313, suggesting the association between olfactory impairment and decline of mental fitness. Thus, mPST appears useful to detect an early decline of mental fitness in Japanese general population.

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Cognitive Screening for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Assisted Living: Comparison of 3 Tests

Cited by 101 publications

References 35 publications

Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia

Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia

COPD And Cognitive Impairment: The Role Of Hypoxemia And Oxygen Therapy

Olfactory function evaluation in a 1102 community-dwelling 20-90-year old Japanese population in relation with age, sex and mental decline

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