Cognitive Science Below the Neck: Toward an Integrative Account of Consciousness in the Body

Abstract

Our culture and its scientific endeavor direly need a holistic characterization of mind and body. Many phenomena attest to the profound effects of beliefs on bodily function (e.g., open-label placebo's effects on chronic pain) and interoceptive systems' role in mental processes (e.g., the emerging role of gut microbiomes in the mood). We need a mechanistic, integrative framework to account for these phenomena and generate novel predictions. Major advances have been made in understanding how the nervous system senses and regulates the body and in modeling how the brain implements the computations that subserve such activities. However, the vestiges of Cartesianism have entrained a style of thinking in which systems from the brainstem downward exist as the implementation layer of computational processes supporting sensation and behavior, rather than a complementary locus of information processing. As speakers and microphones, rather than other members of the chorus. We are thus forced to perceive well-documented, belief-driven phenomena like placebo, ritual, # Contributed equally.

Introduction to Progress and Puzzles of Cognitive Science

“…Some letters highlighted critical open questions, like the continuing problem of consciousness (Cheng, Lin, & Tseng, 2022;Christov-Moore, Jinich-Diamant, Safron, Lynch, & Reggente, 2023;Stoll, 2023). An especially prominent theme across letters was the puzzle of integrating social and other contextual dimensions to our understanding of cognition and intelligent behavior (Dingemanse et al, 2023;Dubova, Galesic, & Goldstone, 2022; Scott-Phillips & Nettle, 2022;Vélez, Christian, Hardy, Thompson, & Griffiths, 2023;Wojtowicz & Loewenstein, 2023).…”