Cognitive Risks in Developmental Psychopathology

Hankin, Benjamin L.; Snyder, Hannah R.; Gulley, Lauren D.

doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy308

Cited by 41 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 732 publications

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“…Likewise, most DSM disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and ADHD, are associated with deficits in EF tasks, consistent with broad, and transdiagnostic, impairment in EF (for reviews see Hankin, Snyder, & Gulley, 2015a; Snyder, Miyake, & Hankin, 2015c). Focusing on internalizing psychopathology, individuals with major depression (MDD) are significantly impaired across multiple aspects of EF, with similar small-to-medium effect sizes (Rock, Roiser, Riedel, & Blackwell, 2013; Snyder, 2013).…”

Section: Exemplar Risk Mechanisms Of Continuity and Discontinuity Conmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms

et al. 2016

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It is well known that comorbidity is the rule, not the exception, for categorically defined psychiatric disorders, and this is also the case for internalizing disorders of depression and anxiety. This theoretical review paper addresses the ubiquity of comorbidity among internalizing disorders. Our central thesis is that progress in understanding this co-occurrence can be made by employing latent dimensional structural models that organize both psychopathology as well as vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms and by connecting the multiple levels of risk and psychopathology outcomes together. Different vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms are hypothesized to predict different levels of the structural model of psychopathology. We review the present state of knowledge based on concurrent and developmental sequential comorbidity patterns among common discrete psychiatric disorders in youth, and then we advocate for the use of more recent bifactor dimensional models of psychopathology (e.g., p factor, Caspi et al., 2014) that can help to explain the co-occurrence among internalizing symptoms. In support of this relatively novel conceptual perspective, we review six exemplar vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms, including executive function, information processing biases, cognitive vulnerabilities, positive and negative affectivity aspects of temperament, and autonomic dysregulation, along with the developmental occurrence of stressors in different domains, to show how these vulnerabilities can predict the general latent psychopathology factor, a unique latent internalizing dimension, as well as specific symptom syndrome manifestations.

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Section: Exemplar Risk Mechanisms Of Continuity and Discontinuity Conmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A recent comprehensive review shows that many cognitive vulnerabilities contribute risk to depression cross-sectionally and longitudinally and that many, albeit not all, cognitive risks appear to be transdiagnostic predictors and not specifically associated with risk to depression per se (66). Self-reported cognitive products (e.g., dysfunctional attitudes, negative cognitive style, rumination) predict prospective increases in depressive symptoms and MDD in youth, often via vulnerability-stress interactions in which cognitively vulnerable youth are more likely to become depressed when experiencing stressors.…”

Section: Cognitive Factors and Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression from childhood through adolescence: risk mechanisms across multiple systems and levels of analysis

Hankin

2015

Current Opinion in Psychology

104

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This paper selectively reviews recent research, especially in the last two years (2012-2014) in preschool, child, and adolescent depression. In particular, attention is paid to developmental epidemiology as well as risk factors and processes that contribute to depression trajectories over time. Emphasis is placed on a developmental psychopathology perspective in which risks are instantiated across multiple systems and levels of analysis, including genetics, stress contexts and processes, biological stress mechanisms, temperament, emotion, reward, cognitive factors and processes, and interpersonal influences. These risks dynamically transact over time, as they emerge and stabilize into relatively trait-like vulnerabilities that confer risk for the increasing rates of depression observed in adolescence. Overall, this summary illustrates that considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the complex developmental processes contributing to depression. Finally, a few gaps are highlighted as opportunities for future research.

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“…9–13 Findings from meta-analyses suggest that the type and level of EF deficits are comparable for many psychiatric disorders. 2,14,15 Specifically, the effect sizes for EF impairment relative to healthy comparisons range from moderate-to-high for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, and from small-to-high for major depression. However, the extant work directly comparing EF performance across neuropsychiatric disorders yields mixed findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Specificity of Executive Function Impairment in Developmental Psychopathology

White

Moore

Calkins

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective Deficits in executive function (EF) are common in neuropsychiatric disorders, but the specificity of these deficits remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the pattern of EF impairment across psychopathologies in children and adolescents. We assessed associations among components of EF with dimensions of psychopathology, including an overall psychopathology factor. Method Participants (8–21 years) were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n=9,498). Data from a structured clinical screening interview were reduced into five dimensional domains using factor analyses: overall psychopathology, anxious-misery, fear, externalizing, and psychosis. EF components of attentional vigilance, response inhibition, conceptual flexibility, and working memory were assessed. Associations between the clinical dimensions and both general EF ability and specific EF components were examined. Results EF ability showed both common and domain-specific associations with clinical symptoms. General EF was directly associated with general psychopathology, anxious-misery, and psychosis domains, but not with the fear or externalizing domains. For the EF subcomponents, differences emerged in the magnitude and direction of association between the components and clinical domains. Poorer EF was typically associated with increased symptoms across clinical domains; however, in some instances, better EF ability was associated with greater symptom burden, particularly in the fear domain. Conclusion EF has widespread associations with psychopathology in youth. Findings reveal some overlap in the type of EF impairment across clinical phenotypes, as indicated by similar patterns of associations between some clinical symptoms and EF. However, findings also revealed domain-specific associations with EF that differed across EF components and clinical domains.

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Cognitive Risks in Developmental Psychopathology

Cited by 41 publications

References 732 publications

Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms

Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms

Depression from childhood through adolescence: risk mechanisms across multiple systems and levels of analysis

An Evaluation of the Specificity of Executive Function Impairment in Developmental Psychopathology

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