Cognitive reserve and long-term change in cognition in aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Soldan, Anja; Pettigrew, Corinne; Cai, Qing; Wang, Jiangxia; Wang, Mei‐Cheng; Moghekar, Abhay; Miller, Michael I.; Albert, Marilyn

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.002

Cited by 126 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This difference may suggest that the beneficial effect of education is more prominent in the early stage of cognitive decline. Similar effects have been reported in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies (14,29,30). A study by Groot et al (30) compared the effect size of education according to the disease stage of AD, showing that education had greater effects on attention and executive function in the pre-dementia state than in dementia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Education Moderates the Association of Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With Cognitive and Motor Impairments in Community-Dwelling Older People

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Objectives: To investigate the relationship between probable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) and cognitive/motor impairments in a community-dwelling population and explore the moderating effects of education. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging II (BLSA II), 4,477 subjects (≥55 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. pRBD was determined by the RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to test the global cognitive performance. Walking speed was used to measure motor function. Logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between pRBD and cognitive/motor impairments and the moderating effects of education. Results: There were 147 participants (3.3%) with pRBD. Participants with pRBD showed increased risks for cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.88, 95% CI 1.24-2.85, p = 0.003], decreased gait speed (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.01, p = 0.03), but not for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (measured by MoCA: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.68-1.50, p = 0.95; measured by MMSE: OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.59-1.37, p = 0.62). Education modified the effect of pRBD on MCI (measured by MoCA: p < 0.001; measured by MMSE: p = 0.061) and gait speed (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pRBD increases the risk of cognitive/motor impairments for a community-dwelling older population, and education could alleviate the negative effects. These findings implicate that education may have beneficial effects on delaying the onset of cognitive/motor decline in pRBD subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Education Moderates the Association of Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With Cognitive and Motor Impairments in Community-Dwelling Older People

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…The concepts of cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity have gained attention as potential factors for delaying cognitive decline (Soldan et al, 2017). Cognitive reserve has been described as the structural and dynamic capacity of the brain to cope with changes associated with natural aging or injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for Cognitive Training and Cognitive Rehabilitation for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Due to the growing number of older adults with cognitive impairment, it is essential to delay the onset and progression of cognitive decline and promote a healthy lifestyle. The rapid growth of technology has considerably advanced the field of computerized cognitive interventions. Consequently, traditional cognitive interventions are being adapted and new multimedia systems are being developed to encourage health and independent living in old age. The primary objective of this review was to identify cognitive stimulation, training and rehabilitation programs aimed at older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, and CORDIS databases were searched from January 2008 to August 2018. Two researchers reviewed the potential studies individually for eligibility. Studies of computerized cognitive interventions for people with dementia and cognitive impairment were included if they clearly described objectives, users and functioning. A systematic review of the studies was carried out, providing a qualitative synthesis of the features and study characteristics of each software. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 11 different cognitive stimulation, training, and rehabilitation programs were identified. The studies found on cognitive intervention software indicate the existence of various technological programs for people with MCI and dementia. On the overall, the programs were aimed at people with different clinical conditions, able to create specific treatments and personalized training, optimized for portable devices, and user-friendly. However, the selected programs differ from each other in terms of objectives, usage mode and characteristics, even if they were used for the same purposes. Therefore, the information obtained in the review may be relevant to distinguish between programs and select the one that best suits each user. Thus, more information about the features and context of use is needed as well as more clinical studies to be able to compare among computerized cognitive programs.

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“…However, conclusions from literature are not clear. In a sample of Asian older adults lower education was associated with greater IADL dependence [44] and a higher level of cognitive reserve delayed the onset of cognitive decline in a longitudinal study in elderly people [45]. In contrast a meta-analysis did not find education as a mediator of the relationship of cognitive function and IADL [17].…”

Section: Personal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Development of a model on factors affecting instrumental activities of daily living in people with mild cognitive impairment – a Delphi study

Bruderer-Hofstetter

Sikkes

Münzer

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The level of functioning in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is crucial for a person’s autonomy. A clear understanding of the nature of IADL and its limitations in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is lacking. Literature suggests numerous possible influencing factors, e.g. cognitive function, however, without considering other domains of human functioning, e.g. environmental factors. Therefore, we aimed to propose a comprehensive model for IADL functioning that pictures relevant influencing factors. Methods We conducted a four-round online Delphi study in a sample of international IADL experts (N=69). In the first round, panelists were asked to mention all possible relevant cognitive and physical function factors as well as environmental and personal factors influencing IADL functioning. In the subsequent rounds panelists rated the relevance of these factors. Consensus was defined as: 1) ≥70% agreement between panelists on a factor and 2) stability between two succeeding rounds. Results Response rates of the four rounds were high (83% to 100%). In the first round, 229 influencing factors were mentioned, whereof thirteen factors reached consensus in the subsequent rounds and were used to build a model for IADL functioning. The final model includes five cognitive function factors (i.e. memory, attention, executive function, executive function subdomains (problem solving / reasoning and organization / planning), five physical function factors (i.e. seeing functions, hearing functions, balance, gait / mobility functions and functional mobility functions), two environmental factors (i.e. social network / environment and support of social network / environment) and one personal factor (i.e. education). Conclusions This study proposes a comprehensive model on IADL functioning in people with MCI. The results from this Delphi suggest that IADL functioning is not merely affected by cognitive function factors, but also by physical function, environmental and personal factors. The numerousness of mentioned factors in the first round also underlines the individuality of IADL functioning in people with MCI. The model may serve as ground for future research in IADL functioning in people with MCI.

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Cognitive reserve and long-term change in cognition in aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 126 publications

References 57 publications

Education Moderates the Association of Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With Cognitive and Motor Impairments in Community-Dwelling Older People

Education Moderates the Association of Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With Cognitive and Motor Impairments in Community-Dwelling Older People

Technologies for Cognitive Training and Cognitive Rehabilitation for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. A Systematic Review

Development of a model on factors affecting instrumental activities of daily living in people with mild cognitive impairment – a Delphi study

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