Cognitive Reserve and Lifestyle in Spanish Individuals With Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Rodríguez, Juan; Torrellas, Clara; Martín, Javier Montero; Fernández, María José

doi:10.1177/1533317511428150

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

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“…Cognitive reserve (CR) was considered as another factor that could explain cognitive decline in ageing (Opdebeeck et al 2016;Stern et al 2019). CR derives from a combination of life experiences, routines and activities and as such it is considered a very fluid construct (Nucci et al 2012;Rodríguez et al 2011). However, it is an important aspect of cognition as it affects age-related cognitive decline, either by slowing down the neuropathology of age or delaying its symptoms (Cabeza and Dennis 2013;Nyberg et al 2012;Zahodne et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: It’s a matter of top-down or bottom-up process

et al. 2020

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Cognitive performance declines with age following different trajectories. The cognitive trade-off, however, between age and cognitive reserve is still not clear. In addition, bilingualism has been thought to play a role in delaying cognitive decline by affecting cognitive control outside the scope of language. However, the effect has been unreliably reproduced and without exploring sufficiently the differences between cognitive functions that govern language control. In the current study 112 adults varying in age, level of bilingualism and cognitive reserve, completed a modified version of the Simon task, which engaged the mechanisms of interference suppression and shifting. Using ex-Gaussian analysis, the Simon effect was replicated in the normal component and the shifting effect was found in the exponential. Additional linear mixed-effects model analysis showed a significant “negative” effect of bilingualism on inhibition and a “positive” effect of cognitive reserve on shifting, both independent of age. Age affected similarly the speed of engagement of both executive functions irrespectively of language or cognitive background. Implications of a bilingual disadvantage and a beneficial effect of cognitive reserve during ageing are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: It’s a matter of top-down or bottom-up process

et al. 2020

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Is cognitive lifestyle associated with depressive thoughts and self-reported depressive symptoms in later life?

et al. 2015

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Key components of cognitive lifestyle are educational attainment, occupational complexity and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities. Each of these factors is associated with experiencing fewer depressive symptoms in later life, but no study to date has examined the relationship between overall cognitive lifestyle and depressive symptoms. This task is made more complex because relatively few older participants in cross-sectional studies will be currently experiencing depression. However, many more will show evidence of a depressive thinking style that predisposes them towards depression. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which cognitive lifestyle and its individual components are associated with depressive thoughts and symptoms. Two hundred and six community-dwelling participants aged 65+ completed the depressive cognitions scale, the geriatric depression scale and the lifetime of experiences questionnaire, which assesses cognitive lifestyle. Correlational analysis indicated that each of the individual lifestyle factors—education, occupational complexity and activities in young adulthood, mid-life and later life—and the combined cognitive lifestyle score was positively associated with each other and negatively with depressive symptoms, while all except education were negatively associated with depressive thoughts. Depressive thoughts and symptoms were strongly correlated. Cognitive lifestyle score explained 4.6 % of the variance in depressive thoughts and 10.2 % of the variance in depressive symptoms. The association of greater participation in cognitive activities, especially in later life, with fewer depressive symptoms and thoughts suggests that preventive interventions aimed at increasing participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activity could be beneficial in decreasing the risk of experiencing depressive thoughts and symptoms in later life.

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Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review

Opdebeeck

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Nelis

et al. 2015

Rev. Clin. Gerontol.

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SummaryThe evidence regarding the association between mood and cognitive function is conflicting, suggesting the involvement of moderating factors. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive reserve moderates the association between mood and cognition in older people. Cognitive reserve was considered in terms of the three key proxy measures – educational level, occupation, and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities – individually and in combination. Sixteen studies representing 37,101 participants were included in the review. Of these, 13 used a measure of education, one used a measure of occupation, two used a measure of participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and one used a combination of these. In general, cognitive reserve moderated the association between mood and cognition, with a larger negative association between mood and cognition in those with low cognitive reserve than in those with high cognitive reserve. Further research utilizing multiple proxy measures of cognitive reserve is required to elucidate the associations.

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Cognitive Reserve and Lifestyle in Spanish Individuals With Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract: Our results ratify the effect of higher education, higher professional performance, and ludic activities on CR.

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: It’s a matter of top-down or bottom-up process

Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: It’s a matter of top-down or bottom-up process

Is cognitive lifestyle associated with depressive thoughts and self-reported depressive symptoms in later life?

Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review

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