Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Amato, Maria Pia; Razzolini, Lorenzo; Goretti, Benedetta; Stromillo, Maria Laura; Rossi, Francesca; Giorgio, Antonio; Hakiki, Bahia; Giannini, Marta; Pastò, Luisa; Portaccio, Emilio; Stefano, Nicola De

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182918c6f

Cited by 112 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…12,35 Indeed, previous studies have found an association between CI and measures of cognitive reserve, such as the cognitive reserve index, 35 which is composed of education and an assessment of premorbid IQ and premorbid leisure activities. The use of these measures should probably be expanded in future studies, as education alone is probably not a good enough surrogate of cognitive reserve in many populations, as suggested by the results from the present and several of the previous studies, which have reported no direct association of CI and education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes

et al. 2016

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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS MSJ JOURNAL1258 journals.sagepub.com/home/msj BackgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is known to be present in all stages of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the prevalence estimates vary considerably between studies, ranging from 40% to 65%. 1 The profile of CI in the overall MS population is now relatively well known, involving mainly complex attention, information processing speed, episodic memory, and executive functions. 1,2 Therefore, brief neuropsychological batteries for MS 3 and newly developed assessment tools 4 mainly focus on the assessment of these functions. However, few studies investigated the differences in the prevalence and profile of CI between the different MS disease subtypes, providing heterogeneous results. [5][6][7][8][9] Many of these studies included small clinical samples and focused mainly on relapsing remitting (RR) or progressive forms. Moreover, the association of CI with several clinical features, such as physical disability, sex, and disease duration, is not well established, since inconsistent results have been reported in the literature. [10][11][12][13] The heterogeneity of the published literature could be, at least in part, attributable to small sample size and dissimilarities in the clinical characteristics of the studies' samples. Exploring the independent effects of age, physical disability, disease duration, and disease subtype could prove central to provide a better understanding of the potential role and interaction of cognitive reserve, brain aging, and disease severity for determining CI in MS. The severity of impairment and the number of involved domains were significantly higher in SP and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) than in CIS and RR. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of CI was significantly associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and older age. Conclusion: CI is present in all MS subtypes since the clinical onset and its frequency is increased in the progressive forms, but these differences seem to be more associated with patient age and physical disability than to disease subtype per se.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes

et al. 2016

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“…Early and ongoing treatment for MS with DMTs, potentially in combination with cognitive training programme, appears to be the best approach to preserve cognitive functioning. There is some evidence from clinical studies with DMTs, especially with the IFN-bs, that early treatment may have a beneficial impact on cognitive measures [1, [53][54][55]. Likewise, promising data are available for cognitive rehabilitation programme.…”

Section: Cognitive Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering adherence to injectable disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis

Lugaresi

Rottoli

Patti

2014

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Multiple sclerosis requires long-term management, often with disease-modifying therapies. Poor medication adherence, especially to injectables, can increase relapse and hospitalisation rates and consume healthcare resources. We discuss adherence definitions and terminology and its prevalence in multiple sclerosis (MS). Typical causes of poor adherence in patients with MS include: insufficient efficacy or tolerability, concurrent disorders, and consequences of MS (e.g., forgetfulness, depression, fatigue and poor motor skills). Ways to improve adherence rates are reviewed, focusing on interdisciplinary healthcare teams, good communication between healthcare workers and patients (and their families), ongoing support and digital tools to promote adherence. We consider open communication and continuing education to be key, and that MS nurses have a pivotal role in ensuring patients' adherence to MS medicines.

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“…Furthermore, few of these studies included a healthy control (HC) sample, and the mean age in the majority of these studies ranged from 20 to 40 years, 6,7 leaving out the aged MS population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of aging on motor and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis

et al. 2016

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Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 112 publications

References 33 publications

Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes

Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes

Fostering adherence to injectable disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis

Differential effects of aging on motor and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis

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