Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Radanovic, Márcia

doi:10.1017/s1041610219001947

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, Hypothesis H2 is also supported, since participants with a higher educational level achieved higher scores on the Eyes test than those with a lower educational level. Specifically, participants with a college education obtained significantly higher scores on cognitive empathy than those educated to primary or high school level, which is consistent with previous studies that measured other cognitive variables (Cabello et al, 2014;Chapko et al, 2018;Mohammad et al, 2020;Neuropathology Group MRC CFAS, 2001;Radanovic, 2020;Ritchie and Tucker-Drob, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Neuropathology Group MRC CFAS, 2001;Radanovic, 2020;Ritchie and Tucker-Drob, 2018). For instance, Cabello et al (2014) found no differences in emotional intelligence (measured through a performance-based test) between older and younger adults with a university education, while for adults with a primary or secondary education, higher scores were obtained by the younger participants in comparison with the older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include educational level or intelligence, among others (Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2006). Previous studies have shown that this active component of the CR, measured through educational level, is a protective factor for cognitive decline (Cabello et al, 2014;Chapko et al, 2018;Mohammad et al, 2020;Neuropathology Group MRC CFAS, 2001;Radanovic, 2020;Ritchie and Tucker-Drob, 2018). For instance, Cabello et al (2014) found no differences in emotional intelligence (measured through a performance-based test) between older and younger adults with a university education, while for adults with a primary or secondary education, higher scores were obtained by the younger participants in comparison with the older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does our cognitive empathy diminish with age? The moderator role of educational level

Gutiérrez‐Cobo

Cabello²,

Megías‐Robles³

et al. 2021

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Introduction: The literature has demonstrated how the relationship between cognitive or emotional intelligence and age exhibits an inverted-U-shape and that this decline can be mitigated by an individual’s cognitive reserve (CR). Rather less is known, however, about the pattern of changes in cognitive empathy or the ability to recognize the thoughts or feelings of others. Objectives: The aim of the present study was firstly to analyze the effect of age, gender, and CR (measured through educational level), on the capacity to show cognitive empathy. Secondly, we aimed to evaluate what type of relationship—linear or quadratic—exists between age and cognitive empathy. We finally aimed to analyze the moderator role of educational level on the relationship between age and cognitive empathy. Participants: Totally, 902 Spanish adults aged between 18 and 79 years (M = 43.53, SD = 11.86; 57% women). Measurements: Participants were asked to indicate their educational level (primary, high school, or college education) and their cognitive empathy was assessed using the Eyes test. Results: Women scored higher than men on cognitive empathy. Participants with a college education had higher scores on cognitive empathy than those with a lower educational level. Additionally, the relationship between age and cognitive empathy fit an inverted-U-shaped curve, consistent with the data found for cognitive and emotional intelligence. Finally, the age-related decrease in cognitive empathy appeared to be mitigated by a higher educational level, but only in those individuals aged 35 years and above. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does our cognitive empathy diminish with age? The moderator role of educational level

Gutiérrez‐Cobo

Cabello²,

Megías‐Robles³

et al. 2021

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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“…A idade cronológica não é o único determinante das condições e de como o indivíduo vai estar quando atingir os 60 anos. As capacidades funcionais e fisiológicas parecem definir de forma mais incisiva o status dos indivíduos quando se tornarem idosos (RADAMOVIC, 2020).…”

Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

TRADUÇÃO, VALIDAÇÃO CULTURAL E SEMÂNTICA DO COGNITIVE RESERVE INDEX QUESTIONNAIRE (CRIq) PARA O PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

Teixeira

Pereira

2022

Estud. interdiscip. envelhec.

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Introdução: A reserva cognitiva pode explicar diferentes respostas do indivíduo após acidentes ou doenças que acometem o sistema nervoso central. É importante ter instrumentos que avaliem tal reserva, não só para serem utilizados quando ocorrem problemas, mas também para avaliar indivíduos de forma profilática, visando o estabelecimento de programas de estimulação cognitiva. Objetivo: Obter a equivalência semântica e cultural do Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) para o português brasileiro. Método: o questionário foi traduzido por dois tradutores independentes, do italiano para o português brasileiro. Após, foi produzida uma versão única, sintetizada, que foi retrotraduzida para o italiano, novamente por outros dois tradutores, independentes e sem conhecimento das traduções anteriores. A partir das traduções e retrotraduções, foi desenvolvida uma versão semanticamente aceitável para o português, que foi aplicada a 30 pessoas (grupo piloto). A partir desta aplicação foi criada uma nova versão, adaptada culturalmente para o português brasileiro. Resultados: As adaptações foram feitas especialmente na seção que avalia atividades laborativas ao longo da vida (CRIq trabalho) e principalmente no CRI tempo livre. Acredita-se que tais mudanças foram necessárias devido às diferenças culturais no que se refere às atividades realizadas como lazer por italianos e brasileiros. Os resultados obtidos no grupo piloto evidenciaram que houve correlação entre a RC, a idade (r=0,92, p=0,02*) e a escolaridade (r=0,70, p=0,00*). Conclusão: o Cognitive Reserve Index questionaire (CRIq) está traduzido e adaptado para o português brasileiro, sendo uma ferramenta útil para os profissionais que atuam na área, especialmente quando são avaliados indivíduos idosos.

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“…Mohammad et al's (2020) study demonstrates that respondents with "distributed education" exhibited higher scores in episodic memory and name recognition measures, suggesting that a respondent's prolonged exposure to being involved in the learning process across the lifespan results in improved cognitive reserve. Thus, continuing education among foreign-born older adults in the USA may be an effective public health policy intervention to delay or slow cognitive decline, in addition to intervention strategies tailored based on education level and are culturally appropriate as highlighted recently by other researchers in International Psychogeriatrics (Radanovic, 2020;Yuan et al, 2018). Taken together, researchers should consider potential life course and multi-level influences that influence cognitive health among foreign-born populations, including the cumulative exposures of having lived in their respective country of origin before arrival to the USA and their experiences once living in the USA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying life course mechanisms and pathways that influence cognitive health among Asian and Latina/o/x older adults

Brown

García

2022

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Does our cognitive empathy diminish with age? The moderator role of educational level

Does our cognitive empathy diminish with age? The moderator role of educational level

TRADUÇÃO, VALIDAÇÃO CULTURAL E SEMÂNTICA DO COGNITIVE RESERVE INDEX QUESTIONNAIRE (CRIq) PARA O PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO

Identifying life course mechanisms and pathways that influence cognitive health among Asian and Latina/o/x older adults

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