Cognitive Recovery and Development after Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood: A Person-Oriented, Longitudinal Study

Jonsson, Catherine Aaro; Catroppa, Cathy; Godfrey, Celia; Smedler, Ann Charlotte; Anderson, Vicki

doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2592

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Paediatric TBI is associated with impairments in attention (sustaining, shifting, and dividing attention); speed of thinking; verbal and visuospatial working memory, particularly in dual‐task conditions (e.g. asking the child to simultaneously recall words and categorize them); declarative learning; and executive functions (e.g.…”

Section: Common Cognitive Impairments After Paediatric Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive–communication disorders in children with traumatic brain injury

Turkstra

Politis

Forsyth

2014

Develop Med Child Neuro

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ABBREVIATION TBI Traumatic brain injuryChildren with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk of developing cognitive-communication disorders that have devastating effects on their school life, family life, and social life. These problems can be difficult for families to describe and may be overlooked by community-based providers who are unfamiliar with TBI sequelae. To support the identification and management of cognitive-communication disorders, we review the common signs and symptoms of these disorders in children with TBI and discuss principles of assessment and intervention.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children and adolescents. 1 Current incidence and prevalence statistics are thought to underestimate the true incidence of TBI in these age groups, as most injuries are mild and many are not reported.1 Emerging international standards for evaluation and management of mild TBI 2 and growing awareness of potential long-term morbidity after mild TBI 3 mean that it is likely that the accuracy of incidence and prevalence estimates will be improved in the coming years.After discharge from hospital, it is likely that children with TBI will be cared for by community-based care providers who have little specialized knowledge of TBI and its sequelae. Thus, children and adolescents with TBI may lack a long-term 'medical home' 4 because they lack a physician or other care providers who understand the implications of TBI as a chronic disease. Community-based care providers play a critical role in this long-term stage not only by managing chronic postinjury health, social, and educational problems, but also as a source of referral to appropriate therapies and other services. The aim of this paper is to provide a resource for community care providers in both of these roles.In this paper, we review one aspect of outcome from paediatric TBI: long-term impairments in what is referred to as cognitive-communication ability.5 While language disorders such as aphasia can result from paediatric TBI, the more common clinical finding is a communication disorder due to underlying impairments in cognitive functions, such as attention, working memory, declarative learning, executive functions, and social cognition.6,7 Cognitive impairments can affect any communication modality (listening, speaking, gesturing, reading, or writing); and any language domain (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or pragmatics). 5 We chose to focus on cognitive-communication disorders in this paper because they can be less obvious than gross sensory or motor impairments, and thus might be missed in a clinical examination. It can also be difficult for families to describe signs of a cognitive-communication disorder clearly to a care provider. Communication impairments in general are a major source of stress and burden for families, 8 and may affect long-term outcomes in school life 7 and social life. 9 Thus, it is important to recognize cognitive-communication challenges in children and adolescents with TBI and refer t...

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Section: Common Cognitive Impairments After Paediatric Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive–communication disorders in children with traumatic brain injury

Turkstra

Politis

Forsyth

2014

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Aphasia is rare after TBI, unless there is focal damage to the left hemisphere, but problems in language comprehension and expression are common after moderate or severe TBI in childhood or adolescence and are consequences of deficits in cognitive functions such as attention, 13 speed of thinking, 14 working memory, 15 declarative learning, 16 and executive functions. 17 In the following section, we summarize 2 broad categories of language problems reported in children and adolescents with TBI: problems in understanding spoken and written language, and problems in expression (speaking and writing).…”

Section: Common Language Impairments In Youths With Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Impairments in Youths With Traumatic Brain Injury

Wszalek

Turkstra²

2015

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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As many as 30% of incarcerated juveniles have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Moderate or severe TBI is associated with a high risk of impairment in language comprehension and expression, which may have profound effects on juveniles' ability to understand and express themselves in criminal proceedings. In this article, we review common language impairments in youths with TBI and discuss potential effects of these impairments on 3 stages of US criminal proceedings: (1) initial encounter with law enforcement; (2) interrogation and Miranda rights; and (3) competence to undergo trial proceedings. We then describe language assessment tools and procedures that may be helpful in legal contexts. Our aim was to inform clinicians and legal staff working with juvenile defendants with TBI, with the long-term goal of developing empirically based guidelines to ensure that juvenile defendants with TBI can fully and effectively participate in criminal proceedings.

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“…30,31 A TBI can therefore not only jeopardize established neural functions, but, more importantly, it can also interfere with the emergence of skills that were not acquired yet at the time of injury. 14,30,32 The full extent of postinjury morbidity may not be evident until years after the incident when children might fail to progress through developmental milestones on par with their peers. 14,24,33 In childhood TBI, the frontal regions are among the most commonly affected neural structures, due to their position within the skull.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,30,32 The full extent of postinjury morbidity may not be evident until years after the incident when children might fail to progress through developmental milestones on par with their peers. 14,24,33 In childhood TBI, the frontal regions are among the most commonly affected neural structures, due to their position within the skull. 31,34 This is of concern, considering that the frontal lobes, which are among the last neural structures to reach full maturation, 35 are crucial contributing sites to adult-level, proficient language processing 34,[36][37][38] and socially competent behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the contribution of language proficiency to social outcomes in larger samples is not reliably documented beyond 14 years postinjury, and it remains yet to be established whether language ability continues to contribute to social outcomes in the longer-term postinjury. 14,18,62,69,70 A valid conclusion regarding the impact of an early acquired TBI can only be made once a child has reached adulthood. 18 It is in adulthood that it becomes apparent whether the child has developed key skills successfully and completely.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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