Cognitive predictors of self-awareness in patients with acquired brain injury along neuropsychological rehabilitation

Identifying conflict monitoring as a key executive component related to impaired self-awareness.

“…This finding seems at odd with previous studies that state that ISA improves with time (Dromer et al, 2021a). However other studies have found null association between time since injury and ISA (Belchev et al, 2017) or even the opposite pattern with negative correlations between the time passed after the onset of the brain injury and the level of SA (Villalobos et al, 2021). These contrasting findings suggest that time since injury is not directly associated with SA evolution and ISA is a condition that could persist several years after the brain injury, especially without a specific treatment focused on SA rehabilitation (Hart, Seignourel, & Sherer, 2009).…”

“…The interest to study the link between SA and EF might come from models of EF including some forms of metacognition and monitoring as part of their definition Kennedy & Coelho, 2005;Miyake et al, 2000;Stuss, 2011). At the empirical level, most studies have found evidence favoring such relationship (Bettcher, Giovannetti, Macmullen, & Libon, 2008;Umberto Bivona et al, 2008;Bogod, Mateer, & Macdonald, 2003;Chen & Goverover, 2021;Coben, Boksenbaum, & Kulberg, 1995;Hart, Whyte, Kim, & Vaccaro, 2005;Kashiwa et al, 2005;Noé et al, 2005;Villalobos, Caperos, Bilbao, López-Muñoz, & Pacios, 2021) (Arora, Frantz, & Toglia, 2021;Zlotnik & Toglia, 2018). However, other studies have found null associations between the performance in EF tests and measures of SA (Bach & David, 2006;Belchev et al, 2017;Chiou, Carlson, Arnett, Cosentino, & Hillary, 2011;Giovannetti et al, 2002).…”

Neuroscience of executive functioning.

“…The third elemental process of MT is metacognition, sometimes also referred to as insight or self-knowledge. Metacognition has been shown to be related to the ability to metatask in daily life (Fazeli et al, 2017) and to performance on EF tests (Fazeli et al, 2017;Villalobos et al, 2021). It reflects one' s capacity to retrospectively judge how well one accomplished a given task and to prospectively estimate how well one will be able to accomplish an ongoing or future task (Fleming & Dolan, 2014).…”

Proposal of a common terminology for the neuropsychological rehabilitation

“…Neuropsychological rehabilitation includes neurocognitive training and other interventions, including therapies of behavioural nature, to restore, substitute or compensate skills, as well as psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and other psychosocial interventions aimed at improving daily functioning in various settings (Kreutzer et al, 2011; VandenBos, 2015). Therefore, the main comprehensive‐integrated interventions applied in neuropsychological rehabilitation includes: (a) neurocognitive intervention, (b) neurofunctional training (Cicerone et al, 2019), (c) self‐awareness rehabilitation (Villalobos et al, 2020), (d) psychoeducation (Caplain et al, 2019), (e) psychotherapy (Liu et al, 2017; Schmidt et al, 2017), (f) emotional intervention including remediation of emotional perception and emotional regulation (Cicerone et al, 2019), (g) neurobehavioral intervention (Alderman & Wood, 2013; Wood et al, 2020), (h) behaviour management techniques (Wilson et al, 2003), (i) social cognition intervention (Fernandez‐Sotos et al, 2019; Yeates, 2014), (j) fatigue management (Rooney et al, 2019), (k) rehabilitation of sexual functioning (Pérez & Raja, 2018; Simpson, 1999), (l) vocational intervention (McLennan & Ludvik, 2021), and (m) intervention for caregivers (Shepherd‐Banigan et al, 2018) and/or families (Stevens et al, 2016).…”