Cognitive performance of youth with primary generalized anxiety disorder versus primary obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kim, Kerri L.; Christensen, Rachel E.; Ruggieri, Amanda L.; Schettini, Elana; Freeman, Jennifer B.; Garcia, Abbe; Flessner, Christopher A.; Stewart, Elyse; Conelea, Christine A.; Dickstein, Daniel P.

doi:10.1002/da.22848

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Cognitive flexibility has therefore been proposed as one of the cognitive mechanisms underlying effective emotion regulation (Genet & Siemer, 2011;Ochsner & Gross, 2007). On the other hand, deficits in cognitive flexibility have been associated with trait anxiety and GAD, which are characterized by emotion dysregulation (Ansari, Derakshan, & Richards, 2008;Kim et al, 2019;Lee & Orsillo, 2014), although this has not always been replicated (Han et al, 2016). Executive functions rely on a prefrontalparietal network (Niendam et al, 2012) that partially overlaps with the neural circuits associated with HRV and emotion processing (Thayer et al, 2012), and this common corticosubcortical neural network may thus serve as the link between cognitive, emotional, and physiological processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility

Grol

Raedt

2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The neurovisceral integration model aims to account for the complex interplay between physiological, cognitive, and emotion regulation processes through their support by common cortico-subcortical neural circuits. According to the model, vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) serves as a peripheral index of the functioning of these circuits, with higher levels of resting HRV reflecting more optimal functioning, to support goal-directed behaviour and adaptability to environmental demands. Although increased cognitive flexibility has been related to higher resting HRV, this has not been assessed in the context of emotional information to examine the interplay between cognition and emotion. Therefore, we investigated (n = 109) the relationship between resting HRV and performance on a task-switching paradigm in which participants shift attention between affective and nonaffective aspects of emotional material. Resting HRV was not associated with flexibility in processing of positive material, but more efficient shifting of attention (greater flexibility) from affective to nonaffective aspects of negative information was related to lower resting HRV. The avoidance theory of worry and anxiety, as well as empirical evidence, links anxiety to attentional avoidance of negative information. Our findings therefore support the neurovisceral integration model such that when greater flexibility can facilitate attentional avoidance of negative information-as seen in anxiety-it is related to lower resting HRV.

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confidence: 99%

The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility

Grol

Raedt

2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…The difference between OCDs and healthy controls was also significantly higher than that between GADs and the healthy group. This is consistent with Kim, Christensen and Ruggieri et al .’s () study on adolescents, which found that adolescents with OCD had impaired planning skills compared to GAD and healthy groups. The specific finding in this case was that it takes OCDs more time to solve the SOC stimulation task presented at multiple levels, and they require more actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating behavior inhibition in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Evidence from eye movements

Liao

Chen

et al. 2020

Scandinavian J Psychology

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We investigated the role of inhibition failure in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) through an eye tracking experiment. Twenty‐five subjects with OCD were recruited, as well as 25 with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 25 healthy controls. A 3 (group: OCD group, GAD group and control group) × 2 (target eccentricity: far and near) × 2 (saccade task: prosaccade and antisaccade) mixed design was used, with all participants completing two sets of tasks involving both prosaccade (eye movement towards a target) and antisaccade (eye movement away from a target). The main outcome was the eye movement index, including the saccade latency (the time interval from the onset of the target screen to the first saccade) and the error rate of saccade direction. The antisaccade latency and antisaccade error rates for OCDs were much higher than those for GADs and healthy controls. OCDs had longer latency and error rates for antisaccades than for prosaccades, and for far‐eccentricity rather than near‐eccentricity stimuli. These results suggest that OCDs experience difficulty with behavior inhibition, and that they have higher visual sensitivity to peripheral stimuli. In particular, they show greatest difficulty in inhibiting behavior directed towards peripheral stimuli.

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“…Disturbance of the visuospatial WM suggests that OCD has disturbances in maintaining and controlling external information, similar results were found in previous study, but measured it with Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Battery (CANTAB). 43 Myoinositol (MI) is located mainly in the glial cells of the brain, and is considered as a glial marker, and its content is believed to relate with glial cells proliferation. 44 , 45 It might participate in the protection against osmotic shock, signaling pathways, vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations Between Working Memory Impairment and Neurometabolites of the Prefrontal Cortex in Drug-Naive Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Yue¹,

Zhong²,

Luo³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of working memory (WM) impairment in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by using neuropsychological tests and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). Patients and Methods A total of 55 patients with drug-naive OCD and 55 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. The working memory (WM) was evaluated using the digit span test (DST), visual space memory test (VSMT), and the 2-back task and stroop color word test (SCWT). The bilateral metabolite levels of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were evaluated by 1H-MRS, then determined the ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and myo-inositol (MI) to creatine (Cr). The independent sample t -test was used to analyse the differences in WM performance and neurometabolite ratios. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to screen the influential factors of WM, with an introduction level of 0.05 and a rejection level of 0.10. Results 1) Patients with OCD performed significantly worse on DST (score), VSMT (score), 2-back task (accuracy rate), SCWT (execution time) when compared with HCs. 2) NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the left PFC (lPFC) and MI/Cr ratios in the bilateral PFC of OCD patients were significantly lower when compared to HCs. 3) For OCD patients, the NAA/Cr ratio in the lPFC was negatively correlated with the score of DST (forwards), the Cho/Cr ratio in the lPFC was positively correlated with the accuracy rate of 2-back task, and the MI/Cr ratio in the right PFC (rPFC) was positively correlated with the score of DST (forwards) and the accuracy rate of VSMT. We also found that the compulsive symptoms showed a positive correlation with MI/Cr ratio of the rPFC. Conclusion Drug-naive OCD patients have demonstrated WM impairments, including phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive system, and the WM impairments might be associated with hypometabolism in the PFC, especially the lPFC.

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Cognitive performance of youth with primary generalized anxiety disorder versus primary obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility

The link between resting heart rate variability and affective flexibility

Investigating behavior inhibition in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Evidence from eye movements

Correlations Between Working Memory Impairment and Neurometabolites of the Prefrontal Cortex in Drug-Naive Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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