Cognitive Performance in Multiple Trauma Patients 3 Years After Injury

Abstract

Cognitive deficits in multiple trauma patients were related both to the severity of the traumatic brain injury and to the degree of psychological distress. The strength of the association between brain injury as indicated by GCS scores and cognitive performance differed between different tasks. Neuropsychological testing may assist in differentiating primary organic from secondary psychogenic impairments.

Return to Work After Severe Multiple Injuries: A Multidimensional Approach on Status 1 and 2 Years Postinjury

“…Cognitive problems can be caused both by distress and neuropsychological problems. 42 To turn the perspective, one could argue that reporting no cognitive problems after sustaining severe multiple injuries might reflect personal resources that protect against distress and thus promote RTW. Measures for self-reported cognitive functioning are necessary but should be supplemented by neuropsychological testing.…”

Long-Term Multidimensional Functional Consequences of Severe Multiple Injuries Two Years After Trauma: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

“…Maximum AIS was 3.9 (SD, 0.77). GCS score was 12.2 (SD, 3.9; range, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In a multiple injury definition context, almost all (92%) had injuries to more than one body region.…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] Injuries to head, extremities, or spinal cord generally give more functional problems than do injuries to the thorax or abdomen. 3,9 -11 Previous studies are either retrospective or they have short follow-up periods.…”

“…3,9 -11 Previous studies are either retrospective or they have short follow-up periods. [3][4][5][6][7][8]10,11 Only in some retrospective reports is patient status and functioning explored for longer than 1 year. 3,[12][13][14][15] The prospective studies found have a follow-up period of 12 to 18 months.…”

Minimal Traumatic Brain Injury Induce Apoptotic Cell Death in Mice

“…Routine and extended clinical evaluation of mTBI patients failed to show any clear structural brain defects, but patients frequently suffer lasting cognitive and emotional difficulties, which include amnesia, difficulty in concentrating and executive functions, depression, apathy, and anxiety (Kibby and Long 1996;Levin et al 1987). Clinically, mTBI frequently resolves within the first year after injury, but many patients continue to manifest prolonged or even permanent neurocognitive dysfunctions referred to as a "post-concussive syndrome" (Finset et al 1999;Margulies 2002).…”