Cognitive Neuroscience: Trickle-Down Theories of Vision

O’Shea, Jacinta; Walsh, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.030

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It should also be noted that parts of the OFC (primarily the medial OFC, also referred to as ventromedial prefrontal cortex) were found to be activated in a plethora of studies of reward learning in rats, monkeys, and humans . It has therefore often been suggested that the activation of the OFC in vision could be related to recognition success . Indeed, there is evidence that OFC activity is correlated with parameters such as subjective sense of perceptual coherence, confidence, and uncertainty in perceptual decision making .…”

Section: A Framework For Top‐down Biased Competition In Visual Recognmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[62][63][64] It has therefore often been suggested that the activation of the OFC in vision could be related to recognition success. 65 Indeed, there is evidence that OFC activity is correlated with parameters such as subjective sense of perceptual coherence, confidence, and uncertainty in perceptual decision making. [66][67][68] However, we controlled for recognition success by matching reaction times between LSF and HSF pictures.…”

Section: The Ofc and Reinforcement Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction, context, and competition in visual recognition

Trapp

Bär

2015

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Perception is substantially facilitated by top-down influences, typically seen as predictions. Here, we outline that the process is competitive in nature, in that sensory input initially activates multiple possible interpretations, or perceptual hypotheses, of its causes. This raises the question of how the selection of the correct interpretation from among those multiple hypotheses is achieved. We first review previous findings in support of such a competitive nature of perceptual processing, and then propose which neural regions might provide a platform for rising and using expectations to resolve this competition. Specifically, we propose that it is the rapid extraction and top-down dissemination of a global context signal from the frontal cortices, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, that affords the quick and reliable resolution of the initial competition among likely alternatives toward a singular percept.

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Section: A Framework For Top‐down Biased Competition In Visual Recognmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ofc and Reinforcement Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction, context, and competition in visual recognition

Trapp

Bär

2015

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Secondly, in neurologically normal observers, neuroimaging studies typically implicate the frontoparietal network in attention (e.g., Corbetta and Shulman 2002). Thirdly, a number of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have demonstrated the necessity of frontoparietal areas and in tasks such as spatial orienting of attention, visual search, visuo-spatial priming, and change detection Rushworth et al 2001;Grosbras and Paus 2002;Muggleton et al 2003;O'Shea et al 2004;Turatto et al 2004;Hung et al 2005;Beck et al 2006;O'Shea and Walsh 2006;Campana et al 2007). In addition, studies using microstimulation and single-cell recordings in macaques have reported reciprocal pathways between the frontoparietal network cortex and occipital visual areas (Moore and Armstrong 2003), and the rapid neural responses to visual stimulation in this network enable modulation of ongoing processing in the visual cortex (Raiguel et al 1989;Bisley et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perceptual and Functional Consequences of Parietal Top-Down Modulation on the Visual Cortex

et al. 2008

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The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been proposed to play a critical role in exerting top-down influences on occipital visual areas. By inducing activity in the PPC (angular gyrus) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and using the phosphene threshold as a measure of visual cortical excitability, we investigated the functional role of this region in modulating the activity of the visual cortex. When triple-pulses of TMS were applied over the PPC unilaterally, the intensity of stimulation required to elicit a phosphene from the visual cortex (area V1/V2) was reduced, indicating an increase in visual cortical excitability. The increased excitability that was observed with unilateral TMS was abolished when TMS was applied over the PPC bilaterally. Our results provide a demonstration of the top-down modulation exerted by the PPC on the visual cortex and show that these effects are subject to interhemispheric competition.

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“…The patient’s pareidolias might be explained in light of this finding. OFC is key in generating expectations about image content (Bar et al, 2006) and signal propagation from OFC to visual cortex facilitates object recognition (Bar et al, 2006; O’Shea & Walsh, 2006; Petrides, Alivisatos, & Frey, 2002; Trapp & Bar, 2015). Aberrant OFC to visual association cortex connectivity could impede the mapping of internally generated predictions onto incoming visual information and impair rapid processing of ambiguous visual stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular hallucinosis with REM sleep behavior disorder

Geddes

Tie

Gabrieli

et al. 2016

Cortex

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Brainstem lesions causing peduncular hallucinosis (PH) produce vivid visual hallucinations occasionally accompanied by sleep disorders. Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and REM sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation developed abrupt-onset complex visual hallucinations with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute ischemic infarct. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this patient compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and PFC was significantly increased in the patient. Focal damage to the left rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in humans, suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

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Cognitive Neuroscience: Trickle-Down Theories of Vision

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Prediction, context, and competition in visual recognition

Prediction, context, and competition in visual recognition

The Perceptual and Functional Consequences of Parietal Top-Down Modulation on the Visual Cortex

Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular hallucinosis with REM sleep behavior disorder

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