Cognitive Metaphor Theory Revisited

Abstract

This paper provides a framework which, being compatible with Lakoff and Johnson's theory (1980), allows a description of metaphoric verbal utterances. The development of this theoretical expansion is encouraged by Lakoff and Johnson's distinction between nonliteral and literal metaphoric expressions, and by the fact that they do not provide an explanation of the nonliteral metaphoric use of expressions as distinct from the literal metaphoric one. They simply say that metaphoric expressions are nonliteral when they are parts that are not used in our normal metaphoric concepts. This suggestion is included in our model, in which a metaphoric utterance is identified when the speaker perceives both a contextual abnormality and a conceptual contrast, and it is interpreted using, among other things, a pragmatic process of mapping to derive subpropositional metaphoric provisional meanings. This explanation of the metaphoric mechanism allows an explanation of the utterances in which nonliteral metaphoric expressions intervene without having to resort to a previous literal interpretation of these utterances.

Experiences Made of Wool: Visual and Verbal Metaphorical Reconceptualization in Adoption and Foster Care Narratives

“…The analysis of novel and pictorial metaphors is carried out applying, respectively, Romero and Soria's (1997, 2005a, 2007and 2016 as well as Forceville (1994Forceville ( , 2008 and Forceville and Urios-Aparisi (2009)'s frameworks. These are specifically applied to picture books (Calvo-Maturana 2020 and Calvo-Maturana and Forceville, in press) aiming at identify how meaning is visually created in Speranza's Sweater in the context of (AFD).…”

“…It specifically focuses on the picture book Speranza's Sweater (Pusey and Mello, 2018), and the extended conceptual metaphor a life story (of a child [in adoption or foster care]) is a sweater, as well as the net of minor related metaphors. These are analysed following Romero and Soria's (1997, 2005a, 2007and 2016 as well as Forceville (1994, 2008)'s frameworks on, respectively, novel and multimodal metaphors. Dictionaries, thesauri, corpus-assisted tools, as well as close reading/viewing will inform the delineation of source and target domains.…”

Rhetorical Dakwah Through Characterization Metaphor: “Dakwah Emha Ainun Najib (Cak Nun)”

“…the most accepted theory that relates metaphor to cognition. As opposed to the decorative approach, this theory states that metaphor "plays a central role in thought, and is indispensable to both thought and language" [2]. The approach was first elaborated by Lakoff and Johnson, who in their pioneering works "Metaphors we live by" featured its main perceptions [3] .…”

“…These are of great importance and they shape our cognition. Writers have concepts in their minds that they express through semantically related metaphors (2).…”

Visualization for Information Retrieval

“…The cognitive metaphor theory (Romero and Soria, 2005) assumes that there is a set of ordinary metaphoric concepts around which people conceptualize the world. The concepts in the ordinary concept system contain the structure of what we perceive, how we get around the world, and how we relate to other people.…”