“…To explore the effect that each of the five approaches to lesion volume correction has on the stringency of results of lesion-symptom maps, we calculated number of suprathreshold voxels for twenty behaviors in a cohort of individuals with chronic left-hemisphere stroke (N = 49) using each method. Behaviors investigated included oral and written naming performance on the Philadelphia Naming Test (Roach, Schwartz, Martin, Grewal, & Brecher, 1996), category and letter fluency scores, subtests from the Western Aphasia Battery (Kertesz, 1982) including Spontaneous Speech Content, Spontaneous Speech Fluency, Repetition, Auditory Verbal Word Recognition, Auditory Verbal Yes No, and Sequential Commands, Pseudoword Repetition (in-house), imageability effect (concrete minus abstract word reading, in-house), regularity effect (regular minus exception word reading, in-house), lexicality effect (word minus pseudoword reading, in-house), Pyramids and Palm Trees (Howard & Patterson, 1992), Digit Span Backward, Picture Pointing, score on Complex Ideational Material from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (Goodglass & Kaplan, 2001), and the Attention and Symbol trails subtest scores from the Cognitive Linguistics Quick Test (Helm-Estabrooks, 2001). These measures were chosen to sample across a range of lesion effect sizes and potential anatomical loci.…”