Cognitive learning approach for travel demand modeling: estimation results

Bibliometric analysis of publications discussing the use of the artificial intelligence technique agent-based models in sustainable agriculture

“…This technique has been adopted in many knowledge fields. For example, Social Science has used it to simulate urban growth and residential occupancy [35] ; to simulate the adoption process of photovoltaic energies within a population [36] ; to understand and model innovation practices in the horticultural sector [37] ; to analyze the impact of innovation diffusion processes [38] ; to assess transportation alternatives in cities [39] ; among other articles.…”

Computer models of saliency alone fail to predict subjective visual attention to landmarks during observed navigation

“…Winter, Tomko, Elias and Sester (2008) stated that salient features are defined as landmarks. This indicates that if an object is more salient than others, it is more likely to be remembered (Cenani, Arentze & Timmermans, 2017) or used by people for navigation, orientation, and learning purposes. One of the most significant saliency categorization was developed by Sorrows and Hirtle (1999): they described three types of landmarks: visual, cognitive and structural landmarks.…”

“…A structural landmark is about the location of objects in an environment. Various studies argue that if an object is highly accessible (for instance if an object is located at a decision point (Burnett, Smith & May, 2001;Cenani et al, 2017;Evans, Smith & Pezdek, 1982;Lynch, 1960;Miller & Carlson, 2011)), then the object is more likely to be used as a landmark. For instance, Burnett et al (2001) defined characteristics of preferred landmarks for navigation and they mentioned that landmarks would be more useful if they are located close to decision points.…”

“…For instance, Burnett et al (2001) defined characteristics of preferred landmarks for navigation and they mentioned that landmarks would be more useful if they are located close to decision points. In another study, researchers used en-route landmarks, off-route landmarks, decisionpoint landmarks and street facades and they observed that landmarks located at a decision point are more likely to be recognized (Cenani et al, 2017). The saliency definition was improved by Caduff and Timpf (2008) as they mentioned that Sorrows and Hirtle's method was unable to characterize landmarks quantitatively.…”