Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review

Vance, David E.; Bene, Victor A. Del; Frank, Jennifer Sandson; Billings, Rebecca; Triebel, Kristen; Buchholz, A; Rubin, Leah H.; Woods, Steven Paul; Li, Wei; Fazeli, Pariya L

doi:10.1007/s11065-021-09528-x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first report examining test score dispersion within the MCCB. Results suggest that this index may provide information distinct from that provided by mean level of performance on the same tests, a result similar to that seen in previously reported investigations in schizophrenia and other disease states ( Hill et al, 2013 ; Hines et al, 2016 ; MacDonald et al, 2006 ; Vance et al, 2021 ). The Neurocognitive Composite T-scores of the treatment groups improved as would be expected from the effects of practice ( Keefe et al, 2017 ) in Part II but did not change differentially by medication group over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Per the default settings used in the MCCB scoring software, T-scores were corrected for age and reported gender. Using the nine MCCB neurocognitive test scores (i.e., excluding the Managing Emotions branch of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test), a commonly used dispersion metric of intra-individual standard deviation relative to mean individual performance within a single testing occasion ( Hill et al, 2013 ; Vance et al, 2021 ) was derived for each participant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the limitations of using a composite score as the unit of measurement that is compared across treatment sessions is that this approach does not account for changes in the variability of performances within a single testing session. The study of intra-individual variability (IIV) typically takes one of two forms: (1) inconsistency, or variability among responses within a reaction-time task, or (2) dispersion, or variability among test performances (relative to applicable norms) within a single neurocognitive battery ( Cole et al, 2011 ; Hill et al, 2013 ; Merritt et al, 2021 ; Vance et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dispersion of performance within a neurocognitive battery has proven to be a valuable metric for a variety of therapeutic states. Greater dispersion within single-session test batteries relative to matched controls has been demonstrated in individuals with bipolar disorder ( Depp et al, 2012 ), HIV infection ( Hines et al, 2016 ; Vance et al, 2021 ), hepatitis C virus infection ( Morgan et al, 2012 ), West Nile virus infection ( Sheppard et al, 2018 ), veterans with mild traumatic brain injury ( Merritt et al, 2018 ; Sorg et al, 2020 ), athletes with loss of consciousness secondary to concussion ( Merritt et al, 2021 ), increased risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease ( Halliday et al, 2018 ), and greater severity of traumatic brain injury ( Hill et al, 2013 ). In many of these investigations, the sensitivity of dispersion to deficits appears to be independent of mean level of cognitive performance ( Cole et al, 2011 ; Hines et al, 2016 ; MacDonald et al, 2006 ; Reichenberg et al, 2006b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersion of cognitive performance test scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery: A different perspective

Williamson

Nuechterlein

Tishler

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dispersion of cognitive performance test scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery: A different perspective

Williamson

Nuechterlein

Tishler

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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“…The study of cognitive dispersion has a long history in the field of psychology (Vance et al, 2021). It has been long believed that a large degree of test scatter or variation characterizes some types of psychological disorders (Plake et al, 1981) and many commonly administered neuropsychological measures include indices of scatter or discrepancy as standardized variables (e.g., Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale beginning with the Revised (WAIS-R) version, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale, California Verbal Learning Test), although base rate information is not always available (Jacobson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dispersion is elevated in amyloid-positive older adults and associated with regional hypoperfusion

Holmqvist

Thomas²,

Edmonds³

et al. 2022

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Cognitive dispersion across neuropsychological measures within a single testing session is a promising marker predictive of cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known regarding brain changes underlying cognitive dispersion, and the association of cognitive dispersion with in vivo AD biomarkers and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) has received limited study. We therefore examined associations among cognitive dispersion, amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity, and regional CBF among older adults free of dementia. Method: One hundred and forty-eight Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants underwent neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging. Pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired to quantify CBF. Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging determined Aβ positivity. Results: Adjusting for age, gender, education, and mean cognitive performance, older adults who were Aβ+ showed higher cognitive dispersion relative to those who were Aβ-. Across the entire sample, higher cognitive dispersion was associated with reduced CBF in inferior parietal and temporal regions. Secondary analyses stratified by Aβ status demonstrated that higher cognitive dispersion was associated with reduced CBF among Aβ+ individuals but not among those who were Aβ-. Conclusions: Cognitive dispersion may be sensitive to early Aβ accumulation and cerebrovascular changes adjusting for demographics and mean neuropsychological performance. Associations between cognitive dispersion and CBF were observed among Aβ+ individuals, suggesting that cognitive dispersion may be a marker of brain changes among individuals on the AD continuum. Future studies should examine whether cognitive dispersion predicts brain changes in diverse samples and among those with greater vascular risk burden.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning

Vance,

Billings,

Lambert

et al. 2024

Neuropsychol Rev

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Social cognition—the complex mental ability to perceive social stimuli and negotiate the social environment—has emerged as an important cognitive ability needed for social functioning, everyday functioning, and quality of life. Deficits in social cognition have been well documented in those with severe mental illness including schizophrenia and depression, those along the autism spectrum, and those with other brain disorders where such deficits profoundly impact everyday life. Moreover, subtle deficits in social cognition have been observed in other clinical populations, especially those that may have compromised non-social cognition (i.e., fluid intelligence such as memory). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), 44% experience cognitive impairment; likewise, social cognitive deficits in theory of mind, prosody, empathy, and emotional face recognition/perception are gradually being recognized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the current knowledge of social cognitive ability among PLHIV, identified by 14 studies focused on social cognition among PLHIV, and provides an objective consensus of the findings. In general, the literature suggests that PLHIV may be at-risk of developing subtle social cognitive deficits that may impact their everyday social functioning and quality of life. The causes of such social cognitive deficits remain unclear, but perhaps develop due to (1) HIV-related sequelae that are damaging the same neurological systems in which social cognition and non-social cognition are processed; (2) stress related to coping with HIV disease itself that overwhelms one’s social cognitive resources; or (3) may have been present pre-morbidly, possibly contributing to an HIV infection. From this, a theoretical framework is proposed highlighting the relationships between social cognition, non-social cognition, and social everyday functioning.

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Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 81 publications

Dispersion of cognitive performance test scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery: A different perspective

Dispersion of cognitive performance test scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery: A different perspective

Cognitive dispersion is elevated in amyloid-positive older adults and associated with regional hypoperfusion

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning

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