Cognitive inhibition and attentional biases in the affective go/no-go performance of depressed, suicidal populations

Harfmann, Elisabeth; Rhyner, K; Ingram, Rick E.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.022

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the behavioral level, the observed pattern in the present study partly resembles findings in previous studies (24,25,31) such that MDD patients showed lower accuracy while GAD patients exhibited comparable accuracy with HC. However, while the previous studies reported emotion-specific inhibitory control deficits in MDD patients the present study found a general impairment in no-go accuracy irrespective of emotional context.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, while the previous studies reported emotion-specific inhibitory control deficits in MDD patients the present study found a general impairment in no-go accuracy irrespective of emotional context. The differences between the studies may be explained in the sample characteristics, in that previous studies examined alterations in the context of ecological and clinical validity by including MDD patients with a history of previous episodes and current pharmacological treatment (24,25) whereas the present study aimed at specifically determining disorder-specific neurobiological mechanisms while controlling for these factors. Together, the findings may indicate comparably subtle and rather general cognitive impairments during early and unmedicated stages of MDD, while emotional context-specific impairments may become increasingly pronounced during the progression of the disorder or prolonged pharmacological treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial case-control studies examined the influence of emotional context on inhibitory control in MDD by means of affective go/no-go paradigms and reported emotional context-specific control deficits in depressive patients, such that inhibitory control deficits were predominately observed in the context of emotional stimuli. For instance, relative to healthy controls, MDD patients did not exhibit a general cognitive control deficit but presented a mood congruent bias for emotionally salient stimuli (24,25). In contrast, research on emotional context-specific inhibitory control deficits in GAD has been scarce and revealed rather inconsistent findings, with a recent case-control study reporting enhanced proactive control of negative valence distractors in GAD patients (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Disorder- and emotional context-specific neurofunctional alterations during inhibitory control in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder

Liu

Dai

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Major Depressive (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are highly debilitating and often co-morbid disorders. The disorders exhibit partly overlapping dysregulations on the behavioral and neurofunctional level, and the determination of disorder-specific alterations may promote neuro-mechanistic and diagnostic specificity. Methods: In order to determine disorder-specific alterations in the domain of emotion-cognition interactions the present study examined emotional context-specific inhibitory control in treatment-naive, first-episode MDD (n = 37) and GAD (n = 35) patients and healthy controls (n = 35) by employing a validated affective go/no-go fMRI paradigm. Findings: On the behavioral level MDD but not GAD patients exhibited impaired inhibitory control irrespective of emotional context. On the neural level, no alterations were observed during the positive context, yet specifically MDD patients demonstrated attenuated recruitment of a broad bilateral network encompassing inferior/medial parietal, posterior frontal, and mid-cingulate regions during inhibitory control in the negative context. GAD patients exhibited a stronger engagement of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to MDD patients and within the GAD group better inhibitory control in negative contexts was associated with higher recruitment of this region. Interpretation: Findings from the present study suggest disorder- and emotional context-specific behavioral and neurofunctional deficits in inhibitory control in MDD in negative emotional contexts and may point to a depression-specific neuropathological and diagnostic marker. In contrast, GAD patients may maintain intact inhibitory performance via compensatory recruitment of prefrontal regulatory regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Disorder- and emotional context-specific neurofunctional alterations during inhibitory control in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder

Liu

Dai

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Results in the literature are mixed, in that some studies examining performance in emotional inhibitory control tasks report faster RTs for positive stimuli in participants with depression 32 , 35 , 69 , while others report faster RTs for negative stimuli in more depressed individuals (e.g. 38 , 63 , 65 ) (the latter is consistent with a facilitated response to negative or mood-congruent stimuli). The fact that no RT-specific effects were found in our study could result from the fact that the study sample was a non-clinical sample, whereas other studies that demonstrated this effect often used clinical samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, many studies report a deficit in various forms of inhibition over negative, but not of positive information 25 , 61 , 62 (see reviews in 16 , 18 ). Specifically, studies using the explicit version of the affective GNG task, which requires response based on the emotional content of the stimulus (e.g., sad vs. happy) often report specific deficits in prepotent inhibition to sad compared with happy stimuli in depression 38 , 50 , 63 and in non-clinical samples 25 , 42 , 43 . Given that most studies of prepotent inhibition deficits in non-clinical populations did not include a direct comparison of affective vs. non-affective (i.e., emotionally-neutral) conditions, more studies are needed in order to understand the exact nature of these deficits in non-clinical samples (but see 20 , 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between implicit and explicit affective inhibitory control, rumination and depressive symptoms

Shimony

Einav

Bonne

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Inhibitory control underlies one’s ability to maintain goal-directed behavior by inhibiting prepotent responses or ignoring irrelevant information. Recent models suggest that impaired inhibition of negative information may contribute to depressive symptoms, and that this association is mediated by rumination. However, the exact nature of this association, particularly in non-clinical samples, is unclear. The current study assessed the relationship between inhibitory control over emotional vs. non-emotional information, rumination and depressive symptoms. A non-clinical sample of 119 participants (mean age: 36.44 ± 11.74) with various levels of depressive symptoms completed three variations of a Go/No-Go task online; two of the task variations required either explicit or implicit processing of emotional expressions, and a third variation contained no emotional expressions (i.e., neutral condition). We found reductions in inhibitory control for participants reporting elevated symptoms of depression on all three task variations, relative to less depressed participants. However, for the task variation that required implicit emotion processing, depressive symptoms were associated with inhibitory deficits for sad and neutral, but not for happy expressions. An exploratory analysis showed that the relationship between inhibition and depressive symptoms occurs in part through trait rumination for all three tasks, regardless of emotional content. Collectively, these results indicate that elevated depressive symptoms are associated with both a general inhibitory control deficit, as well as affective interference from negative emotions, with implications for the assessment and treatment of mood disorders.

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Proinflammatory cytokine levels, cognitive function, and suicidal symptoms of adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder

Chen,

Bai,

Hsu

et al. 2024

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Whether proinflammatory cytokine dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction are associated with suicidal symptoms in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains uncertain. We assessed the cognitive function and proinflammatory cytokine levels of 43 and 51 patients aged 15–29 years with MDD and severe and mild suicidal symptoms, respectively, as well as those of 85 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Specifically, we measured serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 and assessed cognitive function by using working memory and go/no-go tasks. The severity of the patients’ suicidal symptoms was based on Item 10 of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; scores of ≤ 2 and ≥ 4 indicated mild and severe symptoms, respectively. The patients with MDD and severe suicidal symptoms had higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = .019) and TNF-α (p = .002) than did the patients with mild symptoms or the healthy controls. The number of errors committed on the go/no-go by patients with MDD and severe suicidal symptoms (p = .001) was significantly higher than those by patients with MDD and mild symptoms or by controls. After adjusting for nonsuicidal depressive symptoms, we observed suicidal symptoms to be positively associated with TNF-α levels (p = .050) and errors on the go/no-go task (p = .021). Compared with mild suicidal symptoms, severe symptoms are associated with greater serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inferior cognitive function in adolescents and young adults with MDD.

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Cognitive inhibition and attentional biases in the affective go/no-go performance of depressed, suicidal populations

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Disorder- and emotional context-specific neurofunctional alterations during inhibitory control in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder

Disorder- and emotional context-specific neurofunctional alterations during inhibitory control in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder

The association between implicit and explicit affective inhibitory control, rumination and depressive symptoms

Proinflammatory cytokine levels, cognitive function, and suicidal symptoms of adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder

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