Cognitive inflexibility specificity for individuals with high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Caudek, Corrado; Sica, Claudio; Marchetti, Igor; Colpizzi, Ilaria; Stendardi, Debora

doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.03.010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Another possible explanation for these conflicting findings may be that patients with clinical OCD often show more general cognitive impairment due to comorbidity with other forms of psychiatric disorder ( 22 ). It is thus of great value to study cognitive flexibility in subclinical populations to eliminate this confounding factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus of great value to study cognitive flexibility in subclinical populations to eliminate this confounding factor. In addition, as clinical and subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms share similar features and are continuous with one another ( 22 ), cognitive inflexibility in subclinical OCD may be a predisposing factor for the development of OCD. Impaired cognitive flexibility has been demonstrated in subclinical OCD by Sternheim et al ( 23 ), using a set-shifting task and a self-report measure of cognitive flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

2022

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Recent theories have posited a range of cognitive risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive inflexibility and a maladaptive reliance on habits. However, empirical and methodological inconsistencies have obscured the understanding of whether inflexibility and habitual tendencies indeed shape OCD symptoms in clinical and sub-clinical populations, and whether there are notable interactions amongst these traits. The present investigation adopted an interactionist individual differences approach to examine the associations between behaviorally-assessed cognitive flexibility and subclinical OCD symptomatology in a healthy population. It also explored the nature of the interactions between cognitive flexibility and habitual tendencies, and the degree to which these cognitive traits predict subclinical OCD symptomatology. Across two studies, including a preregistration, Bayesian and regression analyses revealed that cognitive inflexibility and compulsive habitual tendencies act as unique and independent predictors of subclinical OCD symptomatology in healthy populations. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between cognitive rigidity and habitual compulsivity, which accounted for 49.4% of the variance in subclinical OCD symptomatology in Study 1, and 37.3% in Study 2. In-depth analyses revealed a compensatory effect between cognitive inflexibility and habitual compulsivity such that both are necessary for OCD symptomatology, but neither is sufficient. These results imply that in order to generate reliable and nuanced models of the endophenotype of OCD symptomatology, it is essential to account for interactions between psychological traits. Moreover, the present findings have important implications for theories on the cognitive roots of OCD, and potentially in the development of interventions that target both cognitive inflexibility and habitual compulsivity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another possible explanation for these conflicting findings may be that patients with clinical OCD often show more general cognitive impairment due to comorbidity with other forms of psychiatric disorder (Caudek et al, 2020). It is thus of great value to study cognitive flexibility in subclinical populations to eliminate this confounding factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus of great value to study cognitive flexibility in subclinical populations to eliminate this confounding factor. In addition, as clinical and subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms share similar features and are continuous with one another (Caudek et al, 2020), cognitive inflexibility in subclinical OCD may be a predisposing factor for the development of OCD. Impaired cognitive flexibility has been demonstrated in subclinical OCD by Sternheim and colleagues (2014), using a set-shifting task and a self-report measure of cognitive flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

Ramakrishnan¹,

Robbins²,

Zmigrod³

2022

Preprint

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Recent theories have posited a range of cognitive risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive inflexibility and a maladaptive reliance on habits. However, empirical and methodological inconsistencies have obscured the understanding of whether inflexibility and habitual tendencies indeed shape OCD symptoms in clinical and sub-clinical populations, and whether there are notable interactions amongst these traits. The present investigation adopted an interactionist individual differences approach to examine the associations between behaviourally-assessed cognitive flexibility and subclinical OCD symptomatology. It also explored the nature of the interactions between cognitive flexibility and habitual tendencies, and the degree to which these cognitive traits predict subclinical OCD symptomatology. Across two studies, including a preregistration, Bayesian and regression analyses revealed that cognitive inflexibility and compulsive habitual tendencies act as unique and independent predictors of subclinical OCD symptomatology. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between cognitive rigidity and habitual compulsivity, which accounted for 49.4% of the variance in subclinical OCD symptomatology in Study 1, and 37.3% in Study 2. In-depth analyses revealed a compensatory effect between cognitive inflexibility and habitual compulsivity such that both are necessary for OCD symptomatology, but neither is sufficient. These results imply that in order to generate reliable and nuanced models of the endophenotype of OCD symptomatology, it is essential to account for interactions between psychological traits. Moreover, the present findings have important implications for theories on the cognitive roots of OCD, and potentially in the development of interventions that target both cognitive inflexibility and habitual compulsivity.

show abstract

“…It is thus of great value to study cognitive flexibility in subclinical populations to eliminate this confounding factor. In addition, as clinical and subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms share similar features and are continuous with one another (22), cognitive inflexibility in subclinical OCD may be a predisposing factor for the development of OCD. Impaired cognitive flexibility has been demonstrated in subclinical OCD by Sternheim et al (23), using a set-shifting task and a self-report measure of cognitive flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive inflexibility specificity for individuals with high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions

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