Cognitive impairment is related to oxidative stress and chemokine levels in first psychotic episodes

Martínez‐Cengotitabengoa, Mónica; MacDowell, Karina S.; Leza, Juan C.; Micó, Juan Antonio; Fernández, Miryam; Echevarrı́a, Enrique; Sanjuán, Julio; Elorza, J.; González-Pinto, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.03.004

Cited by 104 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…There was significant heterogeneity in ES estimates for all parameters in FEP except uric acid. In sensitivity analyses, the heterogeneity was no longer significant, and plasma SOD and RBC GSH-Px remained significantly increased after removal of one study (47 and 76, respectively), plasma TBARS remained significantly increased after removal of two studies (68,75). Plasma TAS and RBC CAT and SOD remained significantly decreased after removal of one study (26 and 56, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Flatow

Buckley

Miller

2013

Biological Psychiatry

407

308

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Background Schizophrenia is associated with impaired antioxidant defense, including abnormal serum, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress parameters. We performed a meta-analysis of these associations, considering the effect of clinical status and antipsychotic treatment after an acute exacerbation of psychosis. Methods We identified articles by searching PubMed, PsychInfo, and Institute for Scientific Information, and the reference lists of identified studies. Results Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Total antioxidant status seemed to be a state marker, because levels were significantly decreased in cross-sectional studies of serum and plasma in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and significantly increased in longitudinal studies of antipsychotic treatment for acute exacerbations of psychosis (p < .01 for each). The RBC catalase and plasma nitrite seemed to be state-related markers, because levels in cross-sectional studies were significantly decreased in FEP (p < .01) and significantly increased in stable outpatients (p = .01). In contrast, RBC superoxide dismutase seemed to be a trait marker for schizophrenia, because levels in cross-sectional studies were significantly decreased in acutely relapsed inpatients, FEP, and stable outpatients (p < .01 for each). Conclusions Oxidative stress abnormalities in FEP suggest an effect that might be independent of antipsychotic medications. Although some parameters (total antioxidant status, RBC catalase, and plasma nitrite) might be state markers for acute exacerbations of psychosis, others (RBC superoxide dismutase) might be trait markers; however, more longitudinal studies are needed. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress might serve as a potential biomarker in the etiopathophysiology and clinical course of schizophrenia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Flatow

Buckley

Miller

2013

Biological Psychiatry

407

308

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“…Although the small sample size is a limitation, one of the most important findings of the present study is the lack of a significant difference between the patients with FEP and the healthy controls in terms of oxidative stress. Studies of both adolescent and adult patients with FEP have reported deficiencies mostly in antioxidant defense mechanisms (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) and they have implicated oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (particularly with regard to a negative symptomatology and cognitive functioning) [16,21,29]. A study of 102 children and adolescents by Micó et al [30] reported a decrease in total antioxidant defense GSH levels and an increase in GPx, catalase, and SOD activity, while a study of 48 children and adolescents by Fraguas et al [22] found a relationship between the decrease in GSH levels and the loss of cortical gray matter over 2 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GPx level was reported to be higher in a study of patients with first-episode schizophrenia [32], while another study reported lower GPx levels [29]. The SOD level [33] was reported to be lower in one study conducted in patients with treated and untreated schizophrenia, while another study reported higher SOD levels [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Untreated First-Episode Psychosis in Adolescents

Şimşek

Gençoğlan

Yüksel³

et al. 2016

Neuropsychobiology

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Objective: Oxidative stress has been reported to play a role in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, though only a few studies have investigated the relationship between early-onset schizophrenia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress and the presence of DNA damage in first-episode psychosis (FEP) in adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry of the Dicle University Hospital. It included 20 adolescent patients (age 11-17 years) with psychosis (acute psychosis, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia) according to DSM-IV criteria who had received no previous psychiatric therapy (patient group) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy adolescents (control group). Structured psychiatric interviews [Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS)] were conducted on the patients, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale was used to evaluate the severity of disease. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q (CoQ), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined using the ELISA method and commercial ELISA kits. Results: The mean age was 14.5 ± 1.6 years in the FEP group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12) and 14.4 ± 1.5 years in the control group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12). There were no differences between the patient and control groups in terms of SOD, GPx, or 8-OHdG values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study on DNA damage and oxidative stress in FEP in adolescents had a small sample size, and our data suggest that oxidative stress is associated with a chronic disease course rather than being an early sign of early-onset schizophrenia.

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“…In particular, IL-2 levels were found to be decreased in two studies in drug-naïve patients [22,26], but appeared not significantly different in one of our studies where the subjects were minimally treated with antipsychotics (19 out of 24 patients were treated with antipsychotic medication with a mean ± SEM duration of treatment of 33.5 ± 7.2 days) [18], suggesting a possible effect of antipsychotic treatment in normalizing IL-2 levels. Other mixed findings come from studies reporting increased or unaffected levels of IL-8 [18,20,27], IL-10 [18,20,25], IL-4 [18,24], IL-18 [27,28] and MCP1 [18,27,29]. …”

Section: Markers Of Inflammation In First-episode Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

Zajkowska

Mondelli²

2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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In the last decade an increasing body of research has focussed on the potential role of inflammation in the onset of psychiatric disorders. Although the association between inflammation and depression appears now widely acknowledged, mixed findings have been reported in psychosis leaving the pathophysiological role of inflammation in psychosis still unclear. This paper aims to review studies focussing on inflammation in first-episode psychosis, in order to avoid the possible confounding effects of the long duration of illness and chronic treatment with psychotropic medications. Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β are the most consistent findings from the studies conducted in first-episode psychosis patients. Mixed findings on other cytokines could be partly due to the different methodologies of the studies reviewed. The findings on the association between inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms and physical health, as well as on the effect of antipsychotic medications on inflammation at the onset of psychosis are also reviewed and discussed. The increased inflammation at onset of psychosis as well as in other psychiatric conditions, such as depression, suggests the presence of biological abnormalities which play a pathophysiological role across different diagnostic categories. Future research should test if increased inflammation could be used for the development of biomarkers, as well as as a potential therapeutic target for different subsamples of patients independently of their diagnostic category.

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Cognitive impairment is related to oxidative stress and chemokine levels in first psychotic episodes

Cited by 104 publications

References 65 publications

Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Untreated First-Episode Psychosis in Adolescents

First-Episode Psychosis: An Inflammatory State?

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