Cognitive impairment in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Cognitive function is a broad term that refers to mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, manipulating information, and reasoning. Preserved cognitive functioning is integral to maintaining a healthy, active, and independent lifestyle. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been linked with poor cognitive skills performance and proof of abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging's structure and function. Cognitive impairment may happen at the earliest stages of diabetes and deteriorates over time, and significantly influences diabetes control and management. Cognitive impairment's pathophysiology is multifactorial. The pathophysiology might include hyperglycemia, deficiencies in insulin pathways, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Determining the mechanism of impaired cognitive skills in diabetes is crucial for developing new approaches to therapy. This review article aims at revising our knowledge about the correlation between diabetes and cognitive impairment, emphasizing the putative underlying mechanisms.