Cognitive Function in Nigerians with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Ogunrin, Olubunmi; Adamolekun, B; Ogunniyi, A; Aldenkamp, Albert P.

doi:10.1017/s0317167100052264

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, increasing evidence suggests that this is not the case. In some instances, memory impairment is evident at or before the first seizure, suggesting that memory deficits are not merely a side effect of frequent seizures (Pulliainen et al, 2000; Ogunrin et al, 2000). Indeed, an unexpected insight from our data was that protection of both neurons and learning and memory can be achieved without a concomitant decrease in seizure burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species mediate cognitive deficits in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy

Pearson

Rowley

Liang

et al. 2015

Neurobiology of Disease

102

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Cognitive dysfunction is an important comorbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, no targeted therapies are available and the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment, specifically deficits in learning and memory associated with TLE remain unknown. Oxidative stress is known to occur in the pathogenesis of TLE but its functional role remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that oxidative stress and resultant processes contribute to cognitive decline associated with epileptogenesis. Using a synthetic catalytic antioxidant, we show that pharmacological removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevents 1) oxidative stress, 2) deficits in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, 3) hippocampal neuronal loss and 4) cognitive dysfunction without altering the intensity of the initial status epilepticus (SE) or epilepsy development in a rat model of SE-induced TLE. Moreover, the effects of the catalytic antioxidant on cognition persisted beyond the treatment period suggestive of disease-modification. The data implicate oxidative stress as a novel mechanism by which cognitive dysfunction can arise during epileptogenesis and suggest a potential disease-modifying therapeutic approach to target it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species mediate cognitive deficits in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy

Pearson

Rowley

Liang

et al. 2015

Neurobiology of Disease

102

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“…A number of studies (Brodie et al., 1987, Smith et al., 1987; Kälviäinen et al., 1992; Helmstaedter et al., 1993; Aikiä et al., 1995; Prevey et al., 1998; Ogunrin et al., 2000; Pulliainen et al., 2000; Aikiä et al., 2001; Kälviäinen et al., 2003; Helmstaedter et al., 2005; Taylor et al., 2010) suggest that people with new‐onset epilepsy are already cognitively compromised at the time of diagnosis before they start treatment and following few seizures. However, there is a question of whether cognitive functioning changes in this group over time has been relatively understudied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly diagnosed epilepsy: Cognitive outcome after 12 months

Baker¹,

Taylor²,

Aldenkamp³

2011

Epilepsia

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SUMMARYPurpose: Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of epilepsy; however, relatively little research has been undertaken to investigate how cognitive problems develop in adults who are newly diagnosed. This study aimed to investigate changes in cognitive performance in adults with new-onset epilepsy 12 months after diagnosis compared with healthy volunteers. Methods: One hundred forty-seven people with epilepsy (PWE) were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery before they started treatment and after 12 months. Cognitive change scores were compared with 69 healthy volunteers who were also assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Key Findings: At 12 month follow-up, PWE had significantly poorer change scores for 9 of the 16 variables. For the majority of these measures, PWE had subtle declines in performance, whereas healthy volunteers improved. Poorer performance on some measures was associated with treatment with topiramate, generalized seizures and, interestingly, achieving an immediate 12-month seizure remission. Significance: After controlling for statistically confounding factors, people with newly diagnosed epilepsy had a different cognitive trajectory compared with healthy volunteers from the general population. Memory, psychomotor speed, and higher executive functioning were the domains most vulnerable to change over a 12-month period.

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“…The patients were diagnosed with either epilepsy or dementia, two neurological disorders, which have been previously shown to be associated with cognitive disturbances. [113] Cognitive assessment was done with the SBT. [21] The test was administered in simple English with instructions given to patients based on each task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[123] Therefore medical intervention that can alleviate cognitive disturbances in the affected persons is desirable. Vinpocetine is a derivative of Vincamine, an alkaloid of common periwinkle plant (vinca minor), which has been shown to exert a brain neuro-protective effect by a combined action on cerebral circulation, brain metabolism and rheological properties of the blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] It is a highly stigmatized disorder that is often complicated by memory impairments, attention deficits and psychomotor retardation. [1] Similarly, cognitive deterioration is common in Nigerian Africans with dementia,[811121314]. Memory impairment, deterioration in abilities to cope with activities of daily living and personality changes are the hallmark of dementia diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of vinpocetine (cognitol™) on cognitive performances of a Nigerian population

Ogunrin

2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:Chronic medical disorders are often complicated by cognitive impairments, making medical intervention that can alleviate cognitive disturbances desirable. Vinpocetine enhances cerebral utilization of oxygen and glucose and consequently improves cerebral functions including memory.Aim:This study assessed the efficacy of vinpocetine (Cognitol™) in improving memory and concentration in cognitively impaired patients.Subjects and Methods:A prospective analytical study of 56 cognitively impaired patients compared with age, sex and level of education matched 56 controls. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Short Blessed Test, which was pilot-tested. Baseline cognitive performances of the patients and controls were obtained and thereafter cognitive performances of the patients were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks after administration of vinpocetine at a dose of 5 mg twice-a-day. Comparative analysis of their performances at baseline was done using the Student t-test, while the improvement in patients’ performances and effect of disease variables on cognitive performances were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and likelihood ratio analysis respectively.Results:The mean (standard deviation) [SD] ages of the cognitively impaired patients (56/112) and controls (56/112) were 49.5 (18.9) and 53.8 (15.8) years respectively (P = 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-10.8). The pilot study yielded an optimal cut-off error score of 6 with a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 96.4% and accuracy of 83.9%. Patients performed significantly worse than the controls (P < 0.001; 95% CI 6.7-11.4). There were significant improvements in memory and concentration with vinpocetine therapy (P < 0.05). The clinical variables of the patients had no effect on the trend of cognitive performances.Conclusions:Vinpocetine was effective in improving memory and concentration of patients with epilepsy and dementia although the efficacy was minimal in demented patients.

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Cognitive Function in Nigerians with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Reactive oxygen species mediate cognitive deficits in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy

Reactive oxygen species mediate cognitive deficits in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy

Newly diagnosed epilepsy: Cognitive outcome after 12 months

Effect of vinpocetine (cognitol™) on cognitive performances of a Nigerian population

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