Cognitive function and endogenous cytokine levels in children with chronic hepatitis C

Faddan, Nagla H. Abu; Shehata, Ghaydaa A.; El-Hafeez, Heba A Abd; Mohamed, Amany O.; Hassan, Hosny; Sameea, F. Abd El

doi:10.1111/jvh.12373

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, progression to significant fibrosis can occur, and cases of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end‐stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation have been reported. In addition, quality of life and cognitive function may be compromised in children with HCV …”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, quality of life and cognitive function may be compromised in children with HCV. (10)(11)(12) In children, the primary route of HCV infection is through perinatal transmission, with an approximate transmission rate from an HCV-infected mother of 5%. (13) In the presence of inadequately controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ) coinfection or high HCV RNA viral loads (>6 log IU/mL) in the mother, transmission rates are as high as 14%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Therapy for Children Aged 3 to <12 Years With Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 or 3 Infection

et al. 2019

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Currently, the only approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment for children aged <12 years is pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. In an open‐label study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks in children aged 3 to <12 years chronically infected with genotype 2 or for 24 weeks in patients with genotype 3. Patients aged 3 to <6 years weighing <17 kg received sofosbuvir 150 mg, and patients aged 3 to <6 years weighing ≥17 kg and all patients aged 6 to <12 years received sofosbuvir 200 mg once daily. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling conducted in each age group confirmed the appropriateness of sofosbuvir doses. For all patients, ribavirin dosing was determined by baseline weight (up to 1,400 mg/day, two divided doses). The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). Fifty‐four patients were enrolled (41 aged 6 to <12 years and 13 aged 3 to <6 years). Most were treatment naïve (98%) and infected perinatally (94%). All but one patient achieved SVR12 (53/54, 98%; 95% confidence interval, 90%‐100%). The patient who did not achieve SVR12 was a 4‐year‐old who discontinued treatment after 3 days because of “abnormal drug taste.” The most commonly reported adverse events in patients aged 6 to <12 years were vomiting (32%) and headache (29%), and those in patients aged 3 to <6 years were vomiting (46%) and diarrhea (39%). One 3‐year‐old patient had a serious adverse event of accidental ribavirin overdose requiring hospitalization for monitoring; this patient completed treatment and achieved SVR12. Conclusion: Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin was well tolerated and highly effective in children aged 3 to <12 years with chronic HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Therapy for Children Aged 3 to <12 Years With Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 or 3 Infection

et al. 2019

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“…In children with viral hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy due to acute liver failure, significantly lower scores on cognition tests were observed, both in acute and under more chronic conditions (IQ (mean ± SD) 61.8 ± 13.6 in children with chronic viral hepatitis vs 106.2 ± 12.8 in controls). (11,12) The results of children with acute liver failure normalized during follow-up, approximately five months after discharge, when the hepatic encephalopathy resolved. (11) Children suffering from chronic viral hepatitis, with normal liver function tests, obtained lower scores on vocabulary, total verbal relation, the bead memory test, total short-term memory, and IQ, in comparison to healthy controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some studies performed multiple regression analysis and reported higher scores on late postoperative (between three and ten years) achievement scales in patients who had a living-related donor in comparison to a cadaveric organ (8,26). In children with viral hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy due to acute liver failure, cognitive test results were negatively correlated to elevated blood proinflammatory cytokines and liver changes on MRI (11,12). Furthermore, more impaired scores on cognition were reported in children after LTx for genetic-metabolic induced liver disease in comparison to children after LTx with BA or other cholestatic diseases, both before LTx and during follow-up (9,18,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Liver Diseases

Rodijk¹,

Heijer

Hulscher

et al. 2018

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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More than two-third of included studies showed neurodevelopmental deficits in children with liver diseases, affecting all neurodevelopmental areas. Knowledge on risk factors for impaired neurodevelopment is limited and lack of long-term follow-up is worrying, especially considering the increasing survival rates, resulting in more at-risk patients. Studying early predictors and risk factors of abnormal developmental trajectories of children with liver diseases is indicated to assess strategies to improve their long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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“…It is, however, interesting to note that in a larger study of HCV cognitive impairment, serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and TNF‐α were related to poorer cognitive functioning . In another report, children with hepatitis C at an early stage of infection exhibited cognitive impairment that was associated with increased levels of interferon‐α and IL‐6 .…”

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confidence: 99%