Cognitive flexibility in post-traumatic stress disorder: Sustained interference associated with altered modulation of cortical oscillatory activity during task-switching

Popescu, Mihail; Popescu, Elena-Anda; DeGraba, Thomas J.; Hughes, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103297

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Overall, the findings from the MWM provide compelling evidence of the adverse effects of ELS and parental psychopathology or PTSD on spatial learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility in the rat model. These results align with previous research, indicating that ELS can lead to hippocampal dysfunction and alterations in synaptic plasticity, ultimately contributing to cognitive deficits (Floresco et al, 2009;Popescu et al, 2023). As with any scientific study, our research has some limitations that merit consideration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study

Oginga,

Mpofana

2023

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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BackgroundEarly life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia (SZ), have been associated with altered neurobiological and behavioral outcomes later in life. Previous studies have investigated the effects of ELS and parental SZ on various aspects of behavior, however, we have studied the combined effects of these stressors and how they interact, as individuals in real-life situations may experience multiple stressors simultaneously.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ELS and schizophrenia on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, exploratory tendencies, and spatial memory in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.MethodsMale and female SD pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, schizophrenia, and ELS + schizophrenia. ELS was induced by prenatal stress (maternal stress) and maternal separation (MS) during the first 2 weeks of life, while SZ was induced by subcutaneous administration of ketamine. Behavioral tests included an open field test (OFT) for motor abilities and a Morris water maze (MWM) for cognitive abilities. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were utilized to analyze the data.ResultsOur results show that ELS and parental psychopathology had enduring effects on SZ symptoms, particularly psychomotor retardation (p < 0.05). The OFT revealed increased anxiety-like behavior in the ELS group (p = 0.023) and the parental psychopathology group (p = 0.017) compared to controls. The combined ELS and parental psychopathology group exhibited the highest anxiety-like behavior (p = 0.006). The MWM analysis indicated impaired spatial memory in the ELS group (p = 0.012) and the combined ELS and parental psychopathology group (p = 0.003) compared to controls. Significantly, the exposure to ELS resulted in a decrease in the population of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) astrocytes. However, this effect was reversed by positive parental mental health.ConclusionOur findings highlight the interactive effects of ELS and parental psychopathology on anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory in rats. ELS was linked to increased anxiety-like behavior, while SZ was associated with anhedonia-like behavior. Positive parenting augments neuroplasticity, synaptic function, and overall cognitive capacities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study

Oginga,

Mpofana

2023

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…An advantage of our design is that it placed minimal demands on working memory, which can otherwise confound test results. For example, the participants can lose track of where they are (which stimulus type or rule) when switching on alternate trials, as in (Popescu et al, 2023) and higher error rates. In our study, stimulus-response mappings were specified by the target (the words LEFT or RIGHT and arrows pointing left or right), eliminating the need to learn the mappings.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have used these established task-switching designs, but extant findings suggest a lack of association with PTSD (Popescu et al, 2023; Tempesta et al, 2012; Van Praag et al, 2022). For example, Tempesta et al (2012) presented a series of single digits excluding 5, and the participants were randomly cued to perform a smaller-or-greater-than - 5 task or an even–odd task.…”

Section: Ptsd and Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switch costs were relatively large for both groups ( n = 11 in each): 221 ms for the controls and 272 ms for PTSD patients, but the difference was not significant (Tempesta et al, 2012). Another experiment compared three groups of active-duty military personnel with no, moderate, or severe PTSD (Popescu et al, 2023). The participants were cued on each trial to perform shape-matching or color-matching tasks for geometrical figures.…”

Section: Ptsd and Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Understanding how inhibition, switching, and test modality affect reaction times.

Swick,

Lwi,

Larsen

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to deficits in executive functioning, but the literature suggests these associations are inconsistent. Results vary depending on the task used, test modality, and the specific subdomain being measured, such as inhibitory control (interference resolution, response inhibition) or set shifting (task switching, rule switching). Notably, deficits are more consistently observed in computerized tasks that measure precise reaction times (RTs) than in classic paper-and-pencil measures, but few studies have parsed specific executive functioning deficits in PTSD using detailed analyses of RT data. Method: The present study used a cued-switching Stroop Task to examine both interference resolution and task switching in 28 veterans with PTSD and 28 age-matched controls. Each trial required attending to a randomly presented cue and responding to the specified target while ignoring irrelevant or opposing information. Analyses of RT distributions estimated both Gaussian (normal) and ex-Gaussian (exponential) parameters. Results: Veterans with PTSD had slower and more variable RTs than the controls on trials that required ignoring conflicting information (interference resolution, d′ = .68). These effects were confined to the normal distribution, not to excessively slow responses (as estimated by ex-Gaussian parameters). Veterans with PTSD also showed modestly slower RTs on trials that required switching between cues, but Bayesian evidence for this was weak, and measures by ex-Gaussian parameters were not significant. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of examining executive functioning in PTSD with a more nuanced approach, as clarity around these deficits may have important implications for future intervention and rehabilitation strategies. Key PointsQuestion: Can reaction time data from computerized tasks help clarify the contradictory results often seen when examining executive function in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Findings: Compared with the controls, the participants with PTSD had slower and more variable reaction times on trials that required inhibitory control (Stroop interference), but not on trials that required switching between sets. Importance: The results highlight the importance of examining multiple facets of executive functioning, as simpler measures may lead to mixed or overgeneralized findings. Next Steps: Directly compare tests of executive functioning that differ in modality (e.g., article, computerized) and type (e.g., inhibitory control, switching) to clarify the cognitive strengths and weaknesses in participants with PTSD.

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“…Kondisi trauma (traumatics) biasanya berawal dari keadaan stres yang mendalam dan berlanjut yang tidak dapat diatasi sendiri oleh individu yang mengalaminya. Stres adalah suatu respons/reaksi yang diterima individu dari rangsangan lingkungan sekitar, baik yang berupa keadaan, peristiwa maupun pengalaman-pengalaman, yang menjadi beban pikiran terus menerus dan pada akhirnya bermuara pada trauma (Arredondo & Caparrós, 2019;Popescu et al, 2023). Untuk menanggulangi keberlanjutan trauma sejak kanak-kanak hingga dewasa, kiranya perlu segera dilakukan upaya deteksi dini.…”

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Pelatihan Konseling Kebencanaan Untuk Tagana (Pemuda Tanggap Bencana) Karang Taruna Kecamatan Dawe

Zamroni

Fadkhurosi

2023

SJPKM

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Pemuda TAGANA adalah kader siaga bencana yang saat ini telah disiapkan di masing-masing Karang Taruna Kecamatan di Seluruh Kabupaten Kudus. Seringnya terjadi bencana alam di kecamatan dawe menjadi penting untuk memiliki pemuda TAGANA yang mumpuni baik dalam hal mitigasi bencana fisik maupun rehabilitasi psikis kebencanaan. Saat ini, kemampuan pelayanan psikis kebencanaan masih sangat rendah sehingga diperlukan pelatihan konseling kebencanaan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah menghasilkan pemuda TAGANA yang berperan dalam membantu penanganan masalah psikologis korban bencana alam dengan memanfaatkan kader Karang Taruna Kecamatan Dawe. Kegiatan pelatihan ini akan dilaksanakan dalam 8 kali rancangan kegiatan mulai identifikasi pelayanan pemuda TAGANA sampai pada pelatihan kemampuan dasar pelaksanaan konseling kebencanaan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan mulai Agustus hingga September 2021 di Aula Kecamatan Dawe. Hasilnya dibentuk kelompok tagana yang memiliki spesialisasi penanganan pada orang dewasa dan anak-anak. Hal ini bertujuan untuk efisiensi dan efektifitas pelayanan konseling yang diberikan kepada klien pengguna layanan.

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Cognitive flexibility in post-traumatic stress disorder: Sustained interference associated with altered modulation of cortical oscillatory activity during task-switching

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study

The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study

Executive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Understanding how inhibition, switching, and test modality affect reaction times.

Pelatihan Konseling Kebencanaan Untuk Tagana (Pemuda Tanggap Bencana) Karang Taruna Kecamatan Dawe

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