Cognitive flexibility in critical CHD: a target for intervention

Cassidy, Adam R

doi:10.1017/s1047951120001870

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…This study builds on evidence that children with CHD have a higher risk of neurodevelopmental difficulties than healthy children and, more specifically, that children with CHD in this age range have difficulties with language, motor skills and hyperactivity,1 9 12 22–25 noting that problem hyperactivity behaviours featured for both morbidity groups in our post hoc analysis. The patient and family characteristics that were linked to lower Bayley-III scores in our study are in line with previous studies, supporting the validity of our findings 2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Postoperative morbidities with infant cardiac surgery and toddlers’ neurodevelopment

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between morbidities after infant cardiac surgery and neurodevelopment and behaviour at age 2–3 years.Design/SettingA prospective cohort follow-up study, in four paediatric cardiac centres. We excluded children with known syndromes. Home-based neurodevelopmental assessments using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) were undertaken in 81 children and secondary outcome measures of development and behaviour were completed by parents. A further 41 families completed the secondary outcome measures remotely.ResultsChildren were grouped as multiple morbidities/extracorporeal life support (ECLS) (n=19), single morbidities (n=36) and no morbidities (n=59). Group comparisons found that children with multiple morbidities/ECLS, compared with no morbidities, had: (a) lower adjusted mean scores for core Bayley-III composites (none reached the level of statistical significance), with mean differences of cognitive −6.1 (95% CI −12.4 to 0.1) p=0.06, language −9.1 (95% CI −18.6 to 0.3) p=0.06 and motor −4.4 (95% CI −12.0 to 3.1) p=25; (b) greater adjusted odds of at least one low or borderline Bayley-III composite result 4.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 16.0) (p=0.05); (c) greater adjusted risk of an abnormal Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) result 5.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 21.1) (p=0.03) and a borderline ASQ result 4.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 25.0) (p=0.05); and no difference in the risk of an abnormal Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire result 1.7 (95% CI 0.3 to 10.4) p=0.58. These outcomes were not statistically different between the single morbidity and no morbidity groups.ConclusionsChildren who experience multiple morbidities/ECLS after infant heart surgery are at a greater risk of neurodevelopmental difficulties than their peers who had no complications and should be prioritised for neurodevelopmental follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Postoperative morbidities with infant cardiac surgery and toddlers’ neurodevelopment

et al. 2022

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“…When studying cognitive flexibility in the general population, one common approach has been the use of set-shifting tasks, in which children are instructed to follow a specific rule and then the rule is changed, and children are instructed to follow the new rule (e.g. Object Classification Task for Children and Dimensional Change Card Sort task;Carlson 2005;Cassidy 2020;Perner & Lang 2002;Smidts et al 2018). Cognitive flexibility is needed in these tasks to refrain from following the first rule learned and to shift to the use of the newer rule.…”

Section: Measuring Childhood Cognitive Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating an adapted reverse categorisation task to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with Down syndrome

Deusen

Prince

Thurman

et al. 2023

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Accurate measurement of cognitive skills is necessary to advance both developmental and intervention science for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated the feasibility, developmental sensitivity and preliminary reliability of a reverse categorisation measure designed to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with DS. Methods Seventy‐two children with DS ages 2.5–8 years completed an adapted version of a reverse categorisation task. Twenty‐eight of the participants were assessed again 2 weeks later for retest reliability. Results This adapted measure demonstrated adequate feasibility and developmental sensitivity, and preliminary evidence for test–retest reliability when administered to children with DS in this age range. Conclusions This adapted reverse categorisation measure may be useful for future developmental and treatment studies that target early foundations of cognitive flexibility in young children with DS. Additional recommendations for use of this measure are discussed.

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“…11 Moreover, compared with the general population, children with CHD are at 2.5-4 times greater risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), [25][26][27][28] which is typically characterised by attention and executive deficits 29 and often leads to poorer school, family and social functioning. 30 Attention and executive functions have thus been identified as important intervention targets in these children, [31][32][33][34] especially in the preschool period or around school entry, as these functions are strongly associated with school readiness and can predict both mathematics and reading competence through the school years. [35][36][37][38][39] It is, therefore, crucial to develop effective intervention strategies around school entry to promote early school achievement.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Parent–child yoga intervention for reducing attention deficits in children with congenital heart disease: the Yoga for Little Hearts Feasibility Study Protocol

Simard,

Lepage,

Gaudet

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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IntroductionPreschoolers and school-aged children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with the general population. To this day, no randomised controlled trial (RCT) aiming to improve attention has been conducted in young children with CHD. There is emerging evidence indicating that parent–child yoga interventions improve attention and reduce ADHD symptoms in both typically developing and clinical populations.Methods and analysisThis is a single-blind, two-centre, two-arm trial during which 24 children with CHD and their parents will be randomly assigned to (1) a parent–child yoga intervention in addition to standard clinical care or (2) standard clinical care alone. All participants will undergo standardised assessments: (1) at baseline, (2) immediately post-treatment and (3) 6 months post-treatment. Descriptive statistics will be used to estimate the feasibility and neurodevelopmental outcomes. This feasibility study will evaluate: (1) recruitment capacity; (2) retention, drop-out and withdrawal rates during the yoga programme and at the 6-month follow-up; (3) adherence to the intervention; (4) acceptability of the randomisation process by families; (5) heterogeneity in the delivery of the intervention between instructors and use of home-based exercises between participants; (6) proportion of missing data in the neurodevelopmental assessments and (7) SD of primary outcomes of the full RCT in order to determine the future appropriate sample size.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained by the Research Ethics Board of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conferences and presented to the Canadian paediatric grand round meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05997680.

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Cognitive flexibility in critical CHD: a target for intervention

Cited by 7 publications

References 107 publications

Postoperative morbidities with infant cardiac surgery and toddlers’ neurodevelopment

Postoperative morbidities with infant cardiac surgery and toddlers’ neurodevelopment

Evaluating an adapted reverse categorisation task to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with Down syndrome

A Parent–child yoga intervention for reducing attention deficits in children with congenital heart disease: the Yoga for Little Hearts Feasibility Study Protocol

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