Cognitive flexibility in acute anorexia nervosa and after recovery: A systematic review

Miles, Stephanie; Gnatt, Inge; Phillipou, Andrea; Nedeljkovic, Maja

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101905

Cited by 89 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Alongside with this, there are many studies revealing the dependence of AN with family relationships, type of upbringing, and also genetic predisposition and physiological characteristics [4,18,19,20,21]. Which, in turn, confirms the multifactorial nature of the investigated problem, but does not exclude the validity of our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Traumatic influence of the attitude towards one’s own gender as a factor in the development of eating disorders

Tsapenko

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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At present, the amount of people suffering from various types of eating disorders is steadily increasing all over the world. A large proportion is occupied by people with manifestations of anorexia. Primarily this disorder affects female representatives at the age of 13-20 years. Taking into account the severity of the consequences that anorexia leads to, cases of death are increasingly being recorded, including adolescents. That’s why the question of providing effective assistance to such patients is especially relevant. However, without establishing the true causes, the results achieved during the treatment may be only short-term. In this connection, the author made an attempt to look at the problem more deeply. Thus, the article is devoted to the consideration of the causes of anorexia of adolescent girls, lying in the field of the unconscious, in particular, in a deep psychological trauma received in childhood. According to the author, the reasons of this trauma are the perception as a humiliation of the manifestations of the brother’s admiration or friends’ son from the girl’s parents, as opposed to the lack of attention, warmth and care towards her. The arising misunderstanding of the reason for such a different attitude contributes to the formation of a girl’s confidence that it is better to be a boy and, as a result, an unwillingness to be a woman. This, in turn, leads to anorexic behavior, as anorexia can inhibit the transformation of the body into a woman. The given assessment was confirmed in a conducted study among 128 girls aged 13-18 years with various eating disorders, including 46 with manifestations of anorexia nervosa. The substantiation of the hypothesis put forward at the beginning of the study was checked by means of a statistical method - the Fisher-φ test.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Traumatic influence of the attitude towards one’s own gender as a factor in the development of eating disorders

Tsapenko

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…11,12 Clinical symptoms in AN are suggestive of excessive cognitive control (eg, obsessionality, perfectionism, and restrictive eating), 13 and some neuropsychological studies have found deficits in cognitive flexibility. 14 Yet, disparate findings across studies leave open questions about which aspects of cognitive control may be disturbed in AN. [15][16][17] Symptoms associated with BN and BED suggest greater impulsivity (eg, loss of control eating and common comorbidities with other impulse-related disorders like substance use disorders), and here the data do fairly consistently indicate response inhibition challenges.…”

Section: Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies

Wonderlich¹,

Bershad²,

Steinglass³

2021

NDT

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Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have contributed to our understanding of possible neural abnormalities among individuals with eating disorders. Many of these studies have focused on three domains: 1) cognitive control, 2) reward processing, and 3) affective processing. This review attempts to summarize the recent fMRI findings across these domains among the most well-characterized eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Though the literature is a bit murky, a few major themes have emerged. Cognitive control systems are affected among individuals across eating disorder diagnoses, but effects seem least pronounced in AN. Specifically, individuals with all eating disorders appear to show decreased prefrontal activation during cognitive control, but there is less evidence in AN linking decreased prefrontal activation with behavior. There is some evidence that the reinforcing value of food is reduced in AN, but individuals with BN and BED show hyperactivation to rewarding food-related stimuli, suggesting the reinforcing value of food may be enhanced. However, more complex reward processing paradigms show that individuals with BN and BED exhibit hypoactivation to reward anticipation and provide mixed results with regards to reward receipt. There are fewer neuroimaging findings related to affective processing, yet behavioral findings suggest affective processing is important in understanding eating disorders. Though the extant literature is complicated, these studies represent a foundation from which to build and provide insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders.

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“…Additionally, Stedal and colleagues [24] found decreased set-shifting and memory capacity, but increased verbal fluency in patients with AN, when using the Ravello profile. Some studies have described normalization or a trend towards normalization after weight restoration of different cognitive domains, especially in younger samples [18,20,25,26], while others have reported persisting alterations even in the recovered state [27][28][29] or inconclusive findings for adult patients [30]. Similarly, findings regarding associations between clinical variables such as body mass index (BMI) and ED symptoms and cognitive functioning appear to be heterogeneous [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Function in Adults with Enduring Anorexia Nervosa

Seidel

Brooker

Lauenborg³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and often enduring disorder characterized by restriction of food intake, low body weight, fear of weight gain, and distorted body image. Investigations on cognition performance in AN patients have yielded conflicting results. Using an established and sensitive computerized cognitive test battery, we aimed to assess core aspects of cognitive function, including attention span, information processing, reasoning, working and episodic memory, in AN patients and controls. Patients were recruited from the Danish Prospective Longitudinal all-comer inclusion study in Eating Disorders (PROLED). Included were 26 individuals with AN and 36 healthy volunteers (HV). All were tested with CogTrack (an online cognitive assessment system) at baseline, and AN patients were tested again at a follow-up time point after weight increase (n = 13). At baseline, AN patients showed faster reaction times in the attention tasks, as well as increased accuracy in grammatical reasoning compared to HV. There were no differences in cognitive function between AN patients and HV in the other cognitive domains measured (sustained attention, working and episodic memory, speed of retrieval, and speed of grammatical reasoning). No differences were visible in the AN sample between baseline and follow-up. Performance did not correlate with any clinical variables in the AN sample. These findings supplement results from other studies suggesting increased concentration and reasoning accuracy in patients suffering from AN, who showed increased performance in cognitive tasks despite their illness.

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Cognitive flexibility in acute anorexia nervosa and after recovery: A systematic review

Cited by 89 publications

References 147 publications

Traumatic influence of the attitude towards one’s own gender as a factor in the development of eating disorders

Traumatic influence of the attitude towards one’s own gender as a factor in the development of eating disorders

Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies

Cognitive Function in Adults with Enduring Anorexia Nervosa

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