Cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients: the emotional Stroop task and autobiographical memory test

Willebrand, Mimmie; Norlund, Fredrika; Kildal, Morten; Gerdin, Bengt; Ekselius, Lisa; Andersson, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00052-9

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…People's reactions to trauma may also be a function of age. Willebrand et al (2002) found that adult burn victims did not differ from controls in memory specificity. However, if burns are sustained in childhood, memory specificity is compromised (Stokes, Dritschel, & Bekerian, 2004).…”

Section: Overgeneral Memory and Traumamentioning

confidence: 88%

Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder.

Williams¹,

Barnhofer²,

Crane³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

1,400

113

1,940

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The authors review research showing that when recalling autobiographical events, many emotionally disturbed patients summarize categories of events rather than retrieving a single episode. The mechanisms underlying such overgeneral memory are examined, with a focus on M. A. Conway and C. W. Pleydell-Pearce's (2000) hierarchical search model of personal event retrieval. An elaboration of this model is proposed to account for overgeneral memory, focusing on how memory search can be affected by (a) capture and rumination processes, when mnemonic information used in retrieval activates ruminative thinking; (b) functional avoidance, when episodic material threatens to cause affective disturbance; and (c) impairment in executive capacity and control that limits an individual's ability to remain focused on retrieval in the face of distraction.

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Section: Overgeneral Memory and Traumamentioning

confidence: 88%

Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder.

Williams¹,

Barnhofer²,

Crane³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

1,400

113

1,940

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, not all groups exposed to trauma demonstrate OGAM. For example, compromised memory specificity has been found in individuals who sustained severe burns in childhood (Stokes, Dritschel, & Bekerian, 2004), but not in adult burn victims (Willebrand et al , 2002). According to Williams (1996, 2006), functional avoidance refers to the process during memory retrieval where the search process locks at the over‐general level as a form of avoidance of the emotion associated with event‐specific knowledge (Williams, 1996, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autobiographical memory specificity, depression, and trauma in bipolar disorder

Mowlds

Shannon

McCusker

et al. 2010

British J Clinic Psychol

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The findings of this study suggest a relationship between early psychosocial adversity and current inter-episode depressive mood in BD. In addition, levels of overgeneral AM are similar to that reported for depression, but are unrelated to childhood trauma, current inter-episode depressive mood, or BD severity. Clinical implications include the importance of routine assessment of trauma in BD and the need for adjunctive evidenced-based psychological therapies.

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“…The word remained on the screen until the participant pushed the space bar and said the colour, after which the screen was blanked for 2 seconds. This procedure has been used previously (Willebrand et al, 2002). The computer registered the time between presentation and response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the investigation of selective processing bias we selected the emotional Stroop (Williams, Mathews, & MacLeod, 1996), which repeatedly has been found to tap selective processing bias in patients with panic disorder (McNally, 1999). Emotional Stroop effects have been observed in somatic patients, for example in patients with chronic pain (Pincus & Morley, 2001), epilepsy (Zeitlin, Bradburn, & Lawson-Kerr, 1995) and burn injury (Willebrand et al, 2002). However, in a study by Andersson, Eriksson, Lundh, and Lyttkens (2000), patients with tinnitus (ringing in the ears) did not display any emotional Stroop effect for either tinnitus words or somatic threat words.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Cognitive bias in dizziness: Emotional stroop and autobiographical memories

Andersson

Fredriksson²,

Jansson³

et al. 2004

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Dizziness is commonly associated with anxiety, and is often caused by a dysfunction of the balance system. While a link between dizziness and both anxiety disorders and depression has been established, less is known about information processing in dizziness. In the first experiment we tested whether 15 patients with dizziness would display an emotional Stroop effect for panic-related words. Also included was a control group of 15 persons. The Stroop task was preceded by ratings of personal relevance of the Stroop words and followed by a surprise free recall of the words. Results showed a Stroop effect for panic-related words in the dizziness group, but the interaction did not reach significance (p = 0.08). Separate analysis of dizziness-related panic words however resulted in a significant group x condition interaction. In the free recall of Stroop words a main effect of word category was found, with more panic-related words being recalled. The second experiment investigated autobiographical memories in 14 patients with dizziness and 14 matched controls. Results showed a group x condition interaction with less specific memories being recalled following positive cue-words in the dizziness group. The overall pattern of results suggests that dizziness is related to deficits in information processing, which could be targeted in treatment.

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Cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients: the emotional Stroop task and autobiographical memory test

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder.

Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder.

Autobiographical memory specificity, depression, and trauma in bipolar disorder

Cognitive bias in dizziness: Emotional stroop and autobiographical memories

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