Cognitive dissonance: Private ratiocination or public spectacle?

Tedeschi, James T.; Schlenker, Barry R.; Bonoma, Thomas V.

doi:10.1037/h0032110

Cited by 375 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some theorists hypothesized that the effects were due to non-motivational, cognitive processes (e.g., Bem, 1972) or impression management concerns (Tedeschi, Schlenker, & Bonoma, 1971). However, subsequent research confirmed that dissonance is a motivated process (for reviews, Harmon-Jones, 2000a, 2000b.…”

Section: Challenges To the Research And Original Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 50 Years of Development

Harmon‐Jones

2007

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie

229

121

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Abstract.Research and theoretical developments on the theory of cognitive dissonance are reviewed. After considering the self-consistency, self-affirmation, and aversive consequences revisions, the authors review research that has challenged each of the revisions and that supports the original version of the theory. Then, the authors review the action-based model of dissonance, which accepts the original theory's proposal that a sufficient cognitive inconsistency causes dissonance and extends the original theory by proposing why cognitive inconsistency prompts dissonance. Finally, the authors present results from experiments examining predictions derived from the actionbased model and neural processes involved in dissonance reduction. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 38 (1), 2007, 7-16 Die Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz nach 50 Jahren der Entwicklung Zusammenfassung. Forschung und theoretische Entwicklungen zur Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz werden im Überblick dargestellt. Nach der Betrachtung dreier Weiterentwicklungen, die jeweils Selbstkonsistenz, "self-affirmation" bzw. aversive Verhaltenskonsequenzen betonen, besprechen die AutorInnen Forschungsergebnisse, welche jede dieser Weiterentwicklungen in Frage stellen und die Originalversion der Theorie stützen. Dann präsentieren sie das handlungsbasierte Dissonanzmodell. In diesem Modell wird die Annahme der ursprünglichen Theorie aufgegriffen, dass hinreichende kognitive Inkonsistenz Dissonanz verursacht, und es wird erklärt, warum dies der Fall ist. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse von Experimenten dargestellt, in denen Vorhersagen des handlungsbasierten Dissonanzmodells getestet und neuronale Prozesse, die bei der Dissonanzreduktion auftreten, untersucht wurden.

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Section: Challenges To the Research And Original Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 50 Years of Development

Harmon‐Jones

2007

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie

229

121

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“…Examples of motives that have been hypothesized to account for some portion of the totalitarian-ego biases are needs for cognitive consistency (e.g., Festinger, 1957), self-esteem (Schneider et al, 1979;, belief in a just world (Lerner & Miller, 1978), effective control (Kelley, 1971), subjective competence (Bowerman, 1978), and social approval (Tedeschi, Schlenker, & Bonoma, 1971 ;Weary, 1980) . 4 Informational explanations suggest that biases are communicated to the person by the environment.…”

Section: Toward Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.

Greenwald

1980

American Psychologist

1,768

1,041

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This article argues that (a) ego, or self, is an organization of knowledge, (b) ego is characterized by cognitive biases strikingly analogous to totalitarian information-control strategies, and (c) these totalitarian-ego biases junction to preserve organization in cognitive structures. Ego's cognitive biases are ego-centricity (self as the focus of knowledge), "beneffec-tance" (perception of responsibility for desired, but not undesired, outcomes), and cognitive conservatism (resistance to cognitive change). In addition to being pervasively evident in recent studies of normal human cognition, these three biases are found in actively functioning , higher level organizations of knowledge, perhaps best exemplified by theoretical paradigms in science. The thesis that egocentricity, beneffectance, and conservatism act to preserve knowledge organizations leads to the proposal of an intrapsychic analog of genetic evolution, which in turn provides an alternative to prevalent motivational and informational interpretations of cognitive biases.

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“…Ac-cordingly, the biased scanning notion can not explain the opinion change in the Public conditions. Tedeschi, Schlenker, and Bonoma (1971) have contended that people want to appear consistent in order to enhance their credibility with others and so they report postbehavioral attitudes that will foster such an impression. The impression management theory assumes that an interpersonal concern with presenting a positive identity mediates the verbal responses of subjects and counterattitudinal behavior must be public or else subjects do not show attitude change in the forced compliance situation (Gaes, Kalle, & Tedeschi, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced compliance and opinion change

Sakai

1981

Jpn. Psychol. Res

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The present study investigated the effects of commitment and inducement on opinion change in a forced compliance situation. Subjects were induced to record strongly counterattitudinal statements under two levels of commitment (Anonymous or Public recording). As inducement conditions, half of the subjects were offered one pencil while the remaining subjects were offered five pencils for recording the statements. It was found that subjects in the Public conditions showed opinion change in the direction of the counterattitudinal position while subjects in the Anonymous conditions did not. The inducement manipulation was not effective in producing differential opinion change. These results were discussed in terms of dissonance, self-presentation, and self-perception theories.

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Cognitive dissonance: Private ratiocination or public spectacle?

Cited by 375 publications

References 31 publications

Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 50 Years of Development

Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 50 Years of Development

The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.

Induced compliance and opinion change

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