Cognitive Dietary Restraint Is Associated with Stress Fractures in Women Runners

Guest, Nanci S.; Barr, Susan I.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.147

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This study also reported an increased risk of fractures in those with a previous history of stress fractures, in younger women, and those with lower calcium intake and younger age at menarche [52]. Interestingly, adult runners with a history of stress fractures have been reported to have higher levels of cognitive dietary restraint than those without this history despite similar BMI, activity level, perceived stress and dietary intake [53]. The authors speculated that these findings may be related to the higher prevalence of subclinical menstrual dysfunction and higher cortisol levels in individuals with higher levels of cognitive dietary restraint.…”

Section: Stress Fractures In Athletessupporting

confidence: 51%

Bone density in the adolescent athlete

Misra

2008

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Adolescence is a critical time for bone mass accrual, and increases in bone mass through puberty are dependent on rising levels of gonadal steroids, growth hormone and insulin like growth factor-1. Many high school girls are involved in athletic activities, and as many as 23.5% of adolescent athletes have been reported to develop amenorrhea. This review focuses on (1) factors that determine which athletes are likely to develop amenorrhea, such as a negative energy balance state, low levels of leptin and high levels of ghrelin, and (2) the impact of hypogonadism in athletes on bone metabolism. Beneficial effects of increased mechanical loading from athletic activity do not appear to protect against the deleterious effects of hypogonadism in adolescent athletes.

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Section: Stress Fractures In Athletessupporting

confidence: 51%

Bone density in the adolescent athlete

Misra

2008

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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“…Further, although an association between elevated dietary restraint and any injury fell just short of statistical significance, a significant association was found between elevated dietary restraint and injuries lasting 22 days or more. This is important because authors 12,[40][41][42][43] have found that abnormal dietary restraint behaviors or restricted caloric intake may lead to amenorrhea, increased bone resorption, low BMD, or increased risk of stress fracture. These results lend support to the notion that inadequate energy intake relative to expenditure and possible macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies may be largely related to the injured athletes' lower BMD.…”

Section: Disordered Eating and Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Among Injury and Disordered Eating, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Low Bone Mineral Density in High School Athletes: A Prospective Study

Rauh

Nichols

Barrack

2010

Journal of Athletic Training

159

122

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Context: Prior authors have reported associations among increased risk of injury and factors of the female athlete triad, as defined before the 2007 American College of Sports Medicine position stand, in collegiate and adult club sport populations. Little is known about this relationship in an adolescent competitive sports population.Objective: To examine the relationship among disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD) and musculoskeletal injury among girls in high school sports.Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The sample consisted of 163 female athletes competing in 8 interscholastic sports in southern California during the 2003-2004 school year. Each participant was followed throughout her respective sport season for occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data collected included daily injury reports, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire that assessed disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, a dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured BMD and lean tissue mass, anthropometric measurements, and a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics.Results: Sixty-one athletes (37.4%) incurred 90 musculoskeletal injuries. In our BMD z score model of #21 SD, a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year and low BMD (z score #21 SD) were associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal injury during the interscholastic sport season. In our BMD z score model of #22 SDs, disordered eating (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score $4.0), a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year, and a low BMD (z score #22 SDs) were associated with musculoskeletal injury occurrence.Conclusions: These findings indicate that disordered eating, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and low BMD were associated with musculoskeletal injuries in these female high school athletes. Programs designed to identify and prevent disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction and to increase bone mass in athletes may help to reduce musculoskeletal injuries.Key Words: adolescents, female athletes, menstrual status, musculoskeletal injuries, sports Key Points N In this sample of high school female athletes, disordered eating, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density were associated with musculoskeletal injury.N Bone mineral density levels below expected ranges for age were also associated with musculoskeletal injury. N Regular, close monitoring of adolescent female athletes during both seasonal and off-season training may be warranted, so that potential problems can be recognized and addressed promptly.

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“…In short, optimal nutrition can reduce fatigue and injuries, promote recovery from injuries [17,18], optimize the human body’s energy stores, and directly influence athletes’ health status [19,20]. Athletes and their teams strive for the best and most convenient nutritional practices to suit the individual needs of each athlete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

Rodek

Sekulić

Kondrič

2012

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundAlthough dietary supplements (DSs) in sports are considered a natural need resulting from athletes’ increased physical demands, and although they are often consumed by athletes, data on DS usage in Olympic sailing are scarce. The aim of this study was to study the use of and attitudes towards DSs and doping problems in high-level competitive sailing.MethodsThe sample consisted of 44 high-level sailing athletes (5 of whom were female; total mean age 24.13 ± 6.67 years) and 34 coaches (1 of whom was female; total mean age 37.01 ± 11.70). An extensive, self-administered questionnaire of substance use was used, and the subjects were asked about sociodemographic data, sport-related factors, DS-related factors (i.e., usage of and knowledge about DSs, sources of information), and doping-related factors. The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to determine the differences in group characteristics, and Spearman’s rank order correlation and a logistic regression analysis were used to define the relationships between the studied variables.ResultsDS usage is relatively high. More than 77% of athletes consume DSs, and 38% do so on a regular basis (daily). The athletes place a high degree of trust in their coaches and/or physicians regarding DSs and doping. The most important reason for not consuming DSs is the opinion that DSs are useless and a lack of knowledge about DSs. The likelihood of doping is low, and one-third of the subjects believe that doping occurs in sailing (no significant differences between athletes and coaches). The logistic regression found crew number (i.e., single vs. double crew) to be the single significant predictor of DS usage, with a higher probability of DS consumption among single crews.ConclusionBecause of the high consumption of DSs future investigations should focus on real nutritional needs in sailing sport. Also, since athletes reported that their coaches are the primary source of information about nutrition and DSs, further studies are necessary to determine the knowledge about nutrition, DSs and doping problems among athletes and their support teams (i.e., coaches, physicians, and strength and conditioning specialists).

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Cognitive Dietary Restraint Is Associated with Stress Fractures in Women Runners

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Bone density in the adolescent athlete

Bone density in the adolescent athlete

Relationships Among Injury and Disordered Eating, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Low Bone Mineral Density in High School Athletes: A Prospective Study

Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing

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