Cognitive deficits in iron-deficient and iron-deficient anemic children

Deinard, Amos S.; List, Anne; Lindgren, Bruce R.; Hunt, Jane V.; Chang, Pi-Nian

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(86)81041-1

Cited by 99 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is unknown why a small number of studies found no association with Hb concentration and cognitive function [32,33] . These findings cause doubt as to the aetiology of the deficits.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously found 14 treatment trials in older children [4] . If we exclude studies in which the method of assignment to treatment was not randomization, a placebo was not used and statistics were not reported, that leaves 10 randomized trials of iron treatment in children aged over 3 years with IDA or ID [32,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63] . One study was only reported in a letter [59] and there were insufficient details to evaluate.…”

Section: Summary Of and Comment On Supplementation Trials With Childrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study was only reported in a letter [59] and there were insufficient details to evaluate. In another study [32] , all IDA children were treated with iron, but the NAID group was alternately assigned to iron treatment or placebo. However, the iron status of both treated and placebo NAID groups returned to normal by the end of the study, so differences in development would not be expected.…”

Section: Summary Of and Comment On Supplementation Trials With Childrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Deficiency in Childhood: Causes and Consequences for Child Development

Grantham‐McGregor

Baker‐Henningham²

2010

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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The main causes of iron deficiency (ID) are briefly discussed, followed by the examination of studies of ID and child cognitive and motor development and behaviour for evidence of a causal link, classifying them by study design. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is associated with many psychosocial and economic disadvantages that can affect child development and could explain the frequently demonstrated relationship between IDA and poor development and behavioural differences. There is evidence of changes to brain function in infants with IDA. Many treatment trials lack statistical power due to small samples, including children without ID in the sampling or iron treatment resulting in little or no differences in iron status between placebo and treated groups. In children with IDA under 3 years, randomized trials indicate that iron supplementation is usually beneficial to motor development, but the effect on mental development is inconsistent. Iron supplementation also has a beneficial effect on cognitive function in school-aged children with IDA. Evidence for a threshold level of ID at which child development is affected is inconsistent, but children with IDA are most likely to benefit from iron supplementation. Possible harmful effects of iron supplementation in iron-replete children on growth and morbidity have to be considered when developing programmes and policy.

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“…It is unknown why a small number of studies found no association with Hb concentration and cognitive function [32,33] . These findings cause doubt as to the aetiology of the deficits.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of and Comment On Supplementation Trials With Childrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of and Comment On Supplementation Trials With Childrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Iron Deficiency in Childhood: Causes and Consequences for Child Development

Grantham‐McGregor

Baker‐Henningham²

2010

Ann Nestlé [Engl]

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“…It is reported that cognitive functions are affected even in cases of mild anemia with an hemoglobin value less than 11 g/dl and iron deficiency that has not yet developed anemia (7,8,14). Studies have shown that endogenous opiates, known to have a negative effect on learning and memory, are increasing in the early period of ID and that myelination is also impaired in cases with ID (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography findings of children with iron deficiency anemia

Koç¹,

Girgin²,

Serhatlioğlu³

2018

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is an important health problem in children in the worldwide. It affects both growth and mental motor development. Iron decrease then irons deficiency (ID) occurs during the developing of IDA. In the literature, there is no information about ultrasonography (US) and Doppler US findings in the development of IDA. The aim of this study is to search the US and Doppler US findings of liver, spleen and main vascular structures of children with the iron decrease, ID, and IDA. Material and Methods: This study including 160 patients who have the iron decrease (n=43), ID (n=52), and IDA (n=65) in laboratory findings. The control group was 50 children. The liver and spleen sizes with parenchymal echogenicity, CCA Vmax -Vmin, ICA Vmax -Vmin, their pulsatility (PI) and resistive index (RI) were measured. Results: 23 patients (35%) were diagnosed with hepatomegaly and 8 patients (12%) were diagnosed with splenomegaly having IDA. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of CCA Vmax -Vmin, ICA Vmax -Vmin, and also RI -PI index of CCA with ICA (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly can be seen in IDA. Increasing of anemia cause changes in the vascular flow velocities, and also increase the blood volume of the brain. If anemia is detected at an early stage and treatment is regulated, cognitive disturbances will not occur in children. In the diagnosis, an US and a Doppler US examination are useful.

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“…Se desconoce por qué en un pequeño número de estudios no se hallaron asociaciones con la concentración de Hb y la función cognitiva [32,33] . Estos resultados suscitan dudas debido a la etiología de las deficiencias.…”

Section: Estudios De Observación Transversalesunclassified

Carencia de hierro en la infancia: Causas y consecuencias para el desarrollo infantil

Grantham‐McGregor¹,

Baker‐Henningham²

2010

Ann Nestlé [Esp]

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Se comentan brevemente las causas principales de la carencia de hierro (CH), seguido de un examen de los estudios sobre la CH y el desarrollo y comportamiento cognitivos y motores del niño para probar un vínculo causal, clasificando dichos estudios por su diseño. La anemia por carencia de hierro (ACH) se asocia a numerosos inconvenientes psicosociales y económicos que pueden afectar al desarrollo infantil y explicar la relación, frecuentemente demostrada, de la ACH con un desarrollo precario y diferencias en el comportamiento. Existen datos de alteraciones en la función cerebral en lactantes con ACH. Varios ensayos terapéuticos carecen de potencia estadística, debido a muestras reducidas, incluyendo a niños sin CH en el muestreo, o a las escasas o nulas diferencias del tratamiento con hierro sobre el estado del mismo entre el grupo placebo y el grupo tratado. En niños afectados de ACH menores de 3 años, los ensayos aleatorios indican que el aporte complementario de hierro suele ser beneficioso para el desarrollo motor, si bien el efecto sobre el desarrollo mental no es uniforme. El aporte complementario de hierro produce también un efecto beneficioso sobre la función cognitiva de niños en edad escolar con ACH. Aunque las pruebas a favor de un nivel umbral de CH en el cual es influido el desarrollo del niño son incoherentes, los niños afectados de ACH tienen una probabilidad máxima de beneficiarse del aporte complementario de hierro. Cuando se elaboran programas y políticas es necesario considerar posibles efectos nocivos del aporte complementario de hierro sobre el crecimiento y la morbilidad en niños repletos de este nutriente.

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Cognitive deficits in iron-deficient and iron-deficient anemic children

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Iron Deficiency in Childhood: Causes and Consequences for Child Development

Iron Deficiency in Childhood: Causes and Consequences for Child Development

Ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography findings of children with iron deficiency anemia

Carencia de hierro en la infancia: Causas y consecuencias para el desarrollo infantil

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