Cognitive Deficits in Abstaining Cocaine Abusers

Ri, H. dal; Bj, Glover; Koeppl, Bonnie; Weddington, William W.; Jh, Jaffe

doi:10.1037/e496342006-012

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The C sample's poorer performance on tests of psychomotor and simple motor ability relative to normal controls reflects a number of specific weaknesses. The marginal performance on the Grooved Pegboard and inefficient completion of Trails A observed in the present sample of pure cocaine abusers is consistent with previously reported evidence of psychomotor slowing in cocaine dependent patients (Herning et al, 1990;O'Malley & Gawin, 1990;Roberts & Bauer, 1993). Decrements in Digit Symbol further suggest psychomotor slowing, and in combination with poorer performance on Picture Arrangement and Trails A relative to the other two groups, point to mild deficiency in sequential organization capacities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Neuropsychological functioning in cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence

Robinson

Heaton

O’Malley

1999

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Thirty codependent cocaine and alcohol users were compared with age-, education-, race-, and sex-matched cocaine abusers (N 5 30) and normals (N 5 30) using an extended Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery to determine whether cocaine abusers with alcohol dependence were more cognitively impaired than singly addicted cocaine abusers. Tests were grouped and analyzed according to 8 major ability areas. Participants who abused both cocaine and alcohol did not differ from normals on the majority of test measures. An unexpected but consistent finding was the poorer performance of the cocaine sample relative to cocaine and alcohol abusers on measures of complex psychomotor and simple motor functioning ( ps , .001). Pure cocaine abusers, but not abusers of both cocaine and alcohol, also performed more poorly than normals on a measure of global neuropsychological functioning ( p , .01). These results are consistent with previous reports of generally mild cognitive dysfunction in cocaine abusers. The findings also suggest that cocaine and alcohol abusers of relatively young ages may be less cognitively impaired than demographically comparable cocaine abusers. Evidence from studies of vascular functioning in abusers of cocaine and alcohol alone and in combination is discussed as possible explanation for these findings. (JINS, 1999, 5, 10-19.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…One of the earliest and most consistent neuropsychological findings in recently abstinent primary cocaine abusers has been impairments in memory and attention (Ardila et al, 1991;Berry et al, 1993;Herning et al, 1990;Melamed & Bleiberg, 1986;Mittenberg & Motta, 1993;O'Malley et al, 1992;Strickland et al, 1993;Volkow et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuropsychological functioning in cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence

Robinson

Heaton

O’Malley

1999

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…19 Cocaine abusers had a lower IQ compared with controls in some studies. 4,20 They also differed in the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder, 21 which may independently influence neuropsychological performance, 22,23 and attention-deficit/…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Twin Study of the Neuropsychological Consequences of Stimulant Abuse

Toomey

Lyons²,

Eisen³

et al. 2003

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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“…Typically, chronic cocaine use has been associated with impairments in sustained attention and concentration (Ardila et al, 1991 ;Beatty et al, 1995 ;Di Sclafani et al, 2002), memory (O'Malley et al, 1992 ;Rosselli and Ardila, 1996 ;van Gorp et al, 1999), spatial reasoning (Holman et al, 1991), spatial relations (Robinson et al, 1999), manual dexterity, and psychomotor performance (Bolla et al, 2000 ;Herning et al, 1990 ;Roberts and Bauer, 1993 ;Robinson et al, 1999). Importantly, there have, however, been some contradictory findings as well as difficulties comparing results across studies because of variations in defining an adequate sample size, inappropriate controls, inconsistent timing, and choice of the neuropsychometric assessment battery (Lawton-Craddock et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of isradipine on cocaine-induced changes in cognitive performance in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals

Johnson

Roache

Ait-Daoud

et al. 2005

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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Recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals, compared with healthy controls, appear more likely to exhibit deficits in cognitive performance and attention. Individuals with such cognitive deficits might be less able to avail themselves of rehabilitative or relapse-prevention efforts. Pharmacotherapy that reduces the impairment in cognitive performance among cocaine-dependent individuals would be a useful clinical tool. Preclinical and human studies suggest that the dihydropyridine-class calcium-channel antagonist, isradipine, can enhance neurocognitive function in some neuropsychiatric disorders. Isradipine, presumably by increasing cerebral blood flow and its actions at various neurotransmitter systems, might, therefore, ameliorate the impairment in cognitive performance and attention seen in cocaine addicts and enhance the expected modest improvement in performance during acute cocaine-taking in these same individuals. Among 12 male and female cocaine-dependent individuals, we examined the effects of low and high doses of intravenous cocaine (0, 0.325, and 0.650 mg/kg) on cognitive performance and attention in both the presence and absence of isradipine (0 or 30 mg sustained release each evening prior to testing, plus 0 or 15 mg immediate release each morning 2 h before the cocaine or placebo cocaine infusion and on the day of testing). Intravenous cocaine produced a modest increase in cognitive performance and attention. Isradipine, both with and without cocaine, had no effect on these same parameters. Hence, cocaine-taking by cocaine-dependent individuals produces little improvement in cognitive performance and attention in either the presence or absence of isradipine.

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Cognitive Deficits in Abstaining Cocaine Abusers

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Neuropsychological functioning in cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence

Neuropsychological functioning in cocaine abusers with and without alcohol dependence

A Twin Study of the Neuropsychological Consequences of Stimulant Abuse

Effects of isradipine on cocaine-induced changes in cognitive performance in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals

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