Cognitive deficits and educational loss in children with schistosome infection—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ezeamama, Amara E.; Bustinduy, Amaya L.; Nkwata, Allan; Martínez, Leonardo; Pabalan, Noel; Boivin, Michael J.; King, Charles H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005524

Cited by 99 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Both the pupils and the school authorities perceived that school attendance had improved as a result of the helminth treatment program and the teachers further perceived that the school performance of their pupils had also improved since the implementation of the national control program. This is consistent with findings from a recent systematic review using data predominantly from Africa, which reported that compared to uninfected or children treated with praziquantel, the presence of Schistosoma infection was associated with deficits in school attendance as well as school performance in school aged children [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Positive impact of preventative chemotherapy during a national helminth control program: Perception and KAP

et al. 2020

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Helminth control at the national level is currently based on mass drug administration (MDA) programs. Perception of the MDA programs for helminth control by the affected populations influences compliance and future designs of the programs. We determined the perception of Zimbabwe's National Helminth Control Program (2012-2017) with a specific focus on schistosomiasis in the school children treated with praziquantel, schoolteachers and village health workers (VHW). The study enrolled 409 children from Grades 6 and 7 who had the full benefit of the 6 years of MDA from 2012 to 2017. Thirty-six schoolteachers and 22 VHW serving the schools were also recruited. A structured questionnaire developed in English, translated into the local language Shona, and validated prior to the study was administered to the children and the adults. The questions focused on the perceived impact on health, school attendance and performance and Knowledge Attitudes and Practice (KAP) among the school children. Data were captured electronically on android platforms using the Open Data Kit. Overall, 84% of the children responded that their awareness of schistosomiasis (transmission, disease, treatment and infection avoidance) had improved because of participating in the MDAs. Of the 151 children self-diagnosed with schistosomiasis, 74% reported that their health had improved following treatment with praziquantel. This included resolution of haematuria, painful urination, sore stomach, tiredness and falling asleep during class lessons. The children and teachers reported improvements in both pupil school attendance and performance at school while the VHW and teachers reported an increase in healthseeking behaviour amongst the school children for schistosomiasis treatment in-between MDAs. The majority of VHW (96%) reported improvement in handwashing behaviour, schistosomiasis awareness (96%) and treatment uptake (91%) within the communities where the school children belonged. However, only 59% of the VHW reported improvement in toilet use while only 50% of the VHW reported improvement in clean water use within their communities. This study indicated that the surveyed children perceived the MDA program had PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Positive impact of preventative chemotherapy during a national helminth control program: Perception and KAP

et al. 2020

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“…These urogenital manifestations often do not resolve after clearance of infection. 4 Other serious clinical manifestations of intestinal schistosomiasis were also not incorporated, such as chronic blood loss and the cognitive impairment and diminished academic performance that are now clearly linked with schistosomiasis, 5 which further exacerbate the repercussions of poverty.…”

Section: Underestimation Of the Global Burden Of Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Underestimation of the global burden of schistosomiasis

King

Galvani

2018

The Lancet

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“…Repeated childhood infections contribute significantly to anemia, undernutrition, and impaired physical and cognitive development. [2][3][4][5] Schistosomiasis control programs can include improving access to clean water and sanitation, 6 reducing populations of snail hosts, 7 and implementing campaigns of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel (PZQ) for preventive chemotherapy, with MDA being the most widely used strategy. 1 In areas of active transmission, the WHO recommends that school-aged children receive MDA with PZQ at different intervals depending on the prevalence of infection in that population, with MDA for adults also recommended under certain conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Predictors of Schistosomiasis Persistent Hotspots following Mass Treatment with Praziquantel

Walker

Kittur

Binder

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Schistosomiasis control programs rely heavily on mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns with praziquantel for preventative chemotherapy. Areas where the prevalence and/or intensity of schistosomiasis infection remains high even after several rounds of treatment, termed "persistent hotspots" (PHSs), have been identified in trials of MDA effectiveness conducted by the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) in Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Côte d'Ivoire. In this analysis, we apply a previously developed set of criteria to classify the PHS status of 531 study villages from five SCORE trials. We then fit logistic regression models to data from SCORE and publically available georeferenced datasets to evaluate the influence of local environmental and population features, preintervention infection burden, and treatment scheduling on PHS status in each trial. The frequency of PHS in individual trials ranged from 35.3% to 71.6% in study villages. Significant relationships between PHS status and MDA frequency, distance to freshwater, rainfall, baseline schistosomiasis burden, elevation, land cover type, and village remoteness were each observed in at least one trial, although the strength and direction of these relationships was not always consistent among study sites. These findings suggest that PHSs are driven in part by environmental conditions that modify the risk and frequency of reinfection.

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Cognitive deficits and educational loss in children with schistosome infection—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 99 publications

References 65 publications

Positive impact of preventative chemotherapy during a national helminth control program: Perception and KAP

Positive impact of preventative chemotherapy during a national helminth control program: Perception and KAP

Underestimation of the global burden of schistosomiasis

Environmental Predictors of Schistosomiasis Persistent Hotspots following Mass Treatment with Praziquantel

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